地理研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 1016-1029.doi: 10.11821/dlyj020170683
许泽宁1,2(), 高晓路1,2, 王志强1,2(
), 马妍3, 邓羽1,2, 龙灜4
收稿日期:
2018-06-26
修回日期:
2019-03-07
出版日期:
2019-05-13
发布日期:
2019-05-13
作者简介:
作者简介:许泽宁(1990-),男,内蒙古包头人,博士研究生,研究方向为城市地理,人口与社会问题,空间规划。E-mail:
基金资助:
Zening XU1,2(), Xiaolu GAO1,2, Zhiqiang WANG1,2(
), Yan MA3, Yu DENG1,2, Ying LONG4
Received:
2018-06-26
Revised:
2019-03-07
Online:
2019-05-13
Published:
2019-05-13
摘要:
现有城市公园绿地服务的评估常以给定的城市空间范围和公园绿地为前提,评估对象及其空间范围具有较大随意性,致使很难根据评估结果判断城市公园绿地的空间配置是否合理,或对不同城市进行比较。本文对城市公园绿地服务水平评估的数据、模型和方法进行了梳理,从公园绿地的类别、等级、服务范围和可选择性等要素着眼,提出了以城市建成区内居民至周边公园绿地的可达性为核心的评估指标和模型方法。运用开源空间数据和Densi-Graph分析方法,解决了城市公园绿地空间数据的提取、城市建成区范围的界定、指标构建等关键技术问题,使城市公园绿地的评估获得了客观性、统一性和可比性的保障。对全国273个地级的评估结果表明,我国地级市公园绿地服务覆盖率平均值达到64.8%,尚有超过两成的城市公园绿地服务覆盖率不到50.0%,公园绿地服务水平与现行国家标准之间尚有差距。公园绿地服务水平存在明显的区域差距,服务水平较高的城市显著集中于特大城市、东部沿海发达地区和东北地区,同时,与城市人口规模相对应呈现出S型曲线上升趋势。为避免区域发展的不协调,应增加对中小城市和中西部地区城市绿地公共服务的投入。
许泽宁, 高晓路, 王志强, 马妍, 邓羽, 龙灜. 中国地级以上城市公园绿地服务水平评估:数据、模型和方法[J]. 地理研究, 2019, 38(5): 1016-1029.
Zening XU, Xiaolu GAO, Zhiqiang WANG, Yan MA, Yu DENG, Ying LONG. Evaluation of the service of parks in Chinese urban areas[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019, 38(5): 1016-1029.
表4
全国地级以上城市公园绿地服务水平的分等级评估结果(综合得分前20位)"
排序 | 城市 | 公园绿地服务覆盖率(a,%) | 优 (b,%) | 良 (c,%) | 一般 (d,%) | 综合得分 (e=(3×b+2×c+1×d)/6) | 标准化指数 (f=e/max(e)) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 池州 | 99.6 | 90.5 | 6.4 | 2.7 | 0.478 | 1 |
2 | 珠海 | 97.9 | 68.0 | 28.7 | 1.2 | 0.438 | 0.915 |
3 | 宜春 | 99.5 | 56.9 | 41.1 | 1.5 | 0.424 | 0.887 |
4 | 深圳 | 98.4 | 59.8 | 36.1 | 2.6 | 0.423 | 0.885 |
5 | 马鞍山 | 98.6 | 54.6 | 43.7 | 0.2 | 0.419 | 0.876 |
6 | 伊春 | 100.0 | 50.9 | 48.3 | 0.8 | 0.417 | 0.872 |
7 | 舟山 | 98.0 | 53.8 | 36.2 | 8.0 | 0.403 | 0.842 |
8 | 北京 | 94.7 | 59.7 | 26.4 | 8.6 | 0.401 | 0.838 |
9 | 宜宾 | 96.3 | 40.9 | 54.5 | 0.8 | 0.388 | 0.811 |
10 | 南充 | 97.3 | 37.8 | 57.2 | 2.3 | 0.384 | 0.802 |
11 | 肇庆 | 88.2 | 56.0 | 24.3 | 8.0 | 0.374 | 0.782 |
12 | 汕尾 | 96.4 | 40.4 | 46.5 | 9.5 | 0.373 | 0.779 |
13 | 武汉 | 90.6 | 43.4 | 42.7 | 4.5 | 0.367 | 0.767 |
14 | 岳阳 | 94.9 | 35.2 | 54.2 | 5.5 | 0.366 | 0.765 |
15 | 通辽 | 86.2 | 44.3 | 39.0 | 2.9 | 0.356 | 0.745 |
16 | 厦门 | 85.1 | 49.4 | 27.1 | 8.6 | 0.352 | 0.735 |
17 | 乌兰察布 | 91.1 | 28.9 | 61.3 | 0.9 | 0.350 | 0.732 |
18 | 常德 | 87.4 | 43.2 | 36.1 | 8.2 | 0.350 | 0.731 |
19 | 包头 | 91.6 | 37.6 | 42.8 | 11.3 | 0.349 | 0.730 |
20 | 南京 | 91.2 | 41.4 | 34.9 | 14.9 | 0.348 | 0.728 |
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