多样性视角下的城市复合功能特征及成因探测——以长春市为例

doi:10.11821/dlyj020170705

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

多功能要素的复合化已成为信息时代城市空间发展的重要趋势,而复合功能开发亦被认为是解决城市交通拥堵、低效能源消耗及职住不平衡等问题的重要手段,对促进有活力的、宜居的及可持续的城市环境建设具有重要意义。基于城市多样性的理论框架,在界定城市功能复合内涵的基础上,以长春市中心城区城市功能兴趣点（POI）数据为基础,采用区位熵指数、信息熵指数及地理探测器模型,分析城市居住、办公、商业、休闲四类功能要素的复合特征,并探讨城市功能复合空间分异的驱动因素。结果表明：① 城市功能要素集中度特征显著,各类型功能要素均形成了专业化的功能集聚区,但各区块间功能要素的专业化程度存在较大差异。② 城市功能要素复合度整体表现出核心—边缘的空间差异,核心区街道复合度整体高于外围开发区,办公、商业、休闲三种功能要素间的复合度要整体强于其各自与居住功能的复合。③ 以单一功能为主、多功能兼容的综合型复合是街道尺度功能复合的主要表现形式;各功能要素中,休闲、商业功能具有较强的兼容性。④ 城市功能复合的空间异质性特征显著,土地价格、休闲要素数量是造成多功能复合分异的主要原因;分类型复合中,各解释因子影响力度表现各异。

关键词: 城市多样性, 功能复合, 影响因素, POI数据, 地理探测器, 长春

Abstract:

Mixed and multifunctional land uses have been identified as an enabling way to promote urban vibrancy and yield socio-economic benefits. As a key strategy in New Urbanism and Smart Growth, mixed use has been widely accepted in urban planning for promoting urban vibrancy and sustainability. This study aims to reveal the differences in the spatial distribution characteristics of different types of mixed use and the influencing factors of their distribution in Changchun central district from the perspective of urban diversity. Based on the POI data in the central district of Changchun, this study focuses on four function categories: Residence, office, commerce, and leisure. Location quotient, entropy index, and Geodetector are used to explore the distribution features and influencing factors of mixed use in Changchun. Serveral conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) Mixed use is the major form of street scale function elements distribution, from the perspective of concentration. All types of elements form a functional gathering area of specialization, but there are large differences between the degrees of specialization. The distribution of concentration of functional elements shows consistent trends with the overall quantity distribution. (2) The degrees of mixed use performance of core-periphery spatial differences reflects that the degree of the core street area a is higher than that of the external zone. The degrees of mixed use of office, commerce, and leisure is stronger than their mixture degree with residence. (3) The main features of mixed use at street scale are the mixed multi-functions compatible with each other. Among the various types of functional elements, leisure and commercial elements have a higher degree of interaction with others, which means that they have a strong compatibility, with the positive effect on mixed use. (4) The spatial heterogeneity of the degrees of mixed use is significant. The primary determinants of the spatial distribution of mixed use include: land price, number of leisure elements and commercial elements. The total number of functional elements, the density of population and the density of road network variables show a weak influence on the differentiation of multifunctional land use. Except that the land price varies, other influencing factors behave differently in the by-type mixed use impact mechanism.

Key words: urban diversity, mixed use, influencing factor, POI, Geodetector, Changchun

浩飞龙, 施响, 白雪, 王士君. 多样性视角下的城市复合功能特征及成因探测——以长春市为例[J]. 地理研究, 2019, 38(2): 247-258.

Feilong HAO, Xiang SHI, Xue BAI, Shijun WANG. Geographic detection and multifunctional land use from the perspective of urban diversity: A case study of Changchun[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019, 38(2): 247-258.

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功能要素类型	POI子类	POI数量(个)	比例(%)
居住功能	房产小区/住宅楼	19789	25.50
办公功能	政府机关、传媒机构、外国机构、社会团体、公检法机构、工商税务机构、科研机构、银行金融、公司企业、工厂等	19961	25.72
商业功能	便利店、小商品市场、超市、综合商场、烟酒专卖店、农贸市场、服饰鞋包、化妆品、礼品、钟表、眼镜、体育户外、自行车专卖、花卉店、古玩字画、图书音像、珠宝饰品店、文化用品、诊所、药房药店、摩托车及配件销售、汽车销售、汽车配件销售、五金零售、二手车交易市场、数码家电、家具家居建材等	33441	43.09
休闲功能	电影院、迪厅、剧场、音乐厅、酒吧、茶馆、KTV、游乐场、网吧、健身会馆、游戏厅、棋牌室、采摘园、垂钓园、咖啡厅、洗浴、体育馆、桌球馆、养生休闲、足疗	4411	5.69

变量	编码	变量设定	均值
因变量
综合复合度	Y₁	多功能要素的综合复合度	0.90
各类型复合度	Y_n	不同类型功能要素间的复合度
自变量
功能要素总量	X₁	各街道四类功能要素的总数量(个)	1232
居住要素数量	X₂	各街道居住要素数量(个)	314
办公要素数量	X₃	各街道办公要素数量(个)	317
商业要素数量	X₄	各街道商业要素数量(个)	531
休闲要素数量	X₅	各街道休闲要素数量(个)	70
人口密度	X₆	街道平均人口密度(万人/km²)	1.42
土地价格	X₇	商业土地基准地价,共划分为8级	4.48
路网密度	X₈	街道平均路网密度(km/km²)	15.07
道路交叉口数量	X₉	各街道范围内道路交叉口数量(个)	92

因变量Y	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	X₇	X₈	X₉
综合	0.14	0.13	0.10	0.15	0.25	0.15	0.28	0.15	0.09
居住—办公	0.17	0.23	0.06	0.13	0.17	0.10	0.27	0.18	0.09
居住—商业	0.11	0.19	0.04	0.11	0.18	0.09	0.24	0.17	0.06
居住—休闲	0.06	0.21	0.03	0.07	0.10	0.07	0.40	0.26	0.10
办公—商业	0.19	0.02	0.13	0.14	0.06	0.11	0.15	0.06	0.13
办公—休闲	0.15	0.15	0.11	0.08	0.14	0.17	0.49	0.20	0.35
商业—休闲	0.14	0.09	0.07	0.09	0.21	0.16	0.22	0.11	0.13