地理研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 1162-1174.doi: 10.11821/dlyj020170710
收稿日期:
2017-08-09
修回日期:
2017-12-27
出版日期:
2019-05-13
发布日期:
2019-05-13
作者简介:
作者简介:牛莉芹(1976-),女,山西吕梁人,博士,副教授,主要从事环境生态学研究。E-mail:
基金资助:
Liqin NIU1, Zhanhong CHENG2,3()
Received:
2017-08-09
Revised:
2017-12-27
Online:
2019-05-13
Published:
2019-05-13
摘要:
以往旅游对植被影响的评价成果较多,但是旅游影响下植被景观与地理因子之间的关系报道较少。本文利用多种数量生态学方法探讨了五台山旅游开发与植被景观之间的生态关系。结果表明:① 旅游开发影响下五台山植被景观可分为单优乔木区、草本区、差级乔草区、中级乔草区、中级灌草区、良级灌草区、良级乔灌草区、优级乔灌草区、以及寺庙区、商业区或居民区9种类型。② 在除趋势对应分析中,第一轴与所有因子的相关性都较大,第二轴与旅游干扰度和海拔呈显著的负相关性。各植被景观类型的空间分布在一定程度上取决于关键性指标的空间格局。③ 除趋势典范对应分析方法能够大大提高植被景观特征与地理因子间的相关性,并将其直观地表达于排序图中。在植被景观特征与地理因子的关系上,第一轴上的相关系数是0.858DCCA>0.828DCA,第二轴上的相关系数是0.583DCCA>0.501DCA,这说明除趋势典范对应分析方法更优。
牛莉芹, 程占红. 基于旅游开发影响的五台山植被景观特征分析[J]. 地理研究, 2019, 38(5): 1162-1174.
Liqin NIU, Zhanhong CHENG. Analysis on characteristics of vegetation landscapes basedon tourism development in Wutai Mountain scenic area[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019, 38(5): 1162-1174.
表1
不同植被景观区的生态特征平均值"
Ⅰ区 | Ⅱ区 | Ⅲ区 | Ⅳ区 | Ⅴ区 | Ⅵ区 | Ⅶ区 | Ⅷ区 | Ⅸ区 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
乔木重要值 | 0.18 | 0.23 | 0 | 0 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0 | 0 | 0.17 |
灌木重要值 | 0.16 | 0.33 | 0.11 | 0.32 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
草本重要值 | 0.06 | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.18 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0 | 0 |
乔木层丰富度 | 2.00 | 1.27 | 0 | 0 | 1.18 | 1.09 | 0 | 0 | 2.00 |
乔木层均匀度 | 0.90 | 0.99 | 0 | 0 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.98 |
乔木层多样性 | 0.76 | 0.91 | 0 | 0 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 0 | 0 | 0.52 |
灌木层丰富度 | 6.50 | 1.67 | 3.40 | 1.57 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
灌木层均匀度 | 0.91 | 0.99 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
灌木层多样性 | 0.22 | 0.78 | 0.58 | 0.79 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
草本层丰富度 | 11.50 | 11.00 | 8.20 | 11.57 | 11.73 | 9.64 | 8.62 | 0 | 0 |
草本层均匀度 | 0.70 | 0.87 | 0.88 | 0.89 | 0.82 | 0.86 | 0.81 | 0 | 0 |
草本层多样性 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.19 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.24 | 0 | 0 |
中高位芽植物比例 | 1.27 | 1.07 | 0 | 0.03 | 1.00 | 0.91 | 0 | 0 | 1.00 |
小高位芽植物比例 | 0.33 | 0.71 | 0.30 | 0.97 | 0 | 0.09 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
矮高位芽植物比例 | 0.40 | 0.21 | 0.70 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
地上芽植物比例 | 0.11 | 0.17 | 0.24 | 0.16 | 0.11 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0 | 0 |
地面芽植物比例 | 0.78 | 0.64 | 0.70 | 0.50 | 0.69 | 0.74 | 0.40 | 0 | 0 |
隐芽植物比例 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0 | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 |
一年生植物比例 | 0.06 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.27 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.37 | 0 | 0 |
阴生种比值 | 0.63 | 0.37 | 0.39 | 0.18 | 0.41 | 0.24 | 0.11 | 0 | 0 |
伴人种比值 | 0 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.31 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.44 | 1.00 | 0 |
垃圾影响系数 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.38 | 0.30 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
折枝影响系数 | 0.15 | 0.30 | 0.08 | 0.16 | 0.39 | 0.50 | 0.17 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
林木更新影响系数 | 0.60 | 0.72 | 1.00 | 0.97 | 0.80 | 0.90 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
践踏影响系数 | 0.15 | 0.30 | 0.28 | 0.49 | 0.41 | 0.60 | 0.66 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
植被现状系数 | 0.15 | 0.25 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.32 | 0.47 | 0.87 | 1.00 | 0.70 |
表2
不同植被景观区的景观特征平均值"
Ⅰ区 | Ⅱ区 | Ⅲ区 | Ⅳ区 | Ⅴ区 | Ⅵ区 | Ⅶ区 | Ⅷ区 | Ⅸ区 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
景观重要值 | 0.153 | 0.232 | 0.034 | 0.089 | 0.141 | 0.128 | 0.013 | 0 | 0.105 |
物种多样性 | 3.187 | 2.457 | 1.816 | 2.092 | 2.210 | 1.897 | 1.339 | 0 | 0.521 |
群落结构比 | 0.387 | 0.377 | 0.256 | 0.245 | 0.312 | 0.314 | 0.165 | 0 | 0.118 |
阴生种比值 | 0.628 | 0.372 | 0.390 | 0.184 | 0.411 | 0.240 | 0.112 | 0 | 0 |
伴人种比值 | 0 | 0.031 | 0.030 | 0.315 | 0.093 | 0.104 | 0.440 | 1.000 | 0 |
旅游影响系数 | 0.234 | 0.328 | 0.478 | 0.539 | 0.415 | 0.574 | 0.671 | 0.998 | 0.923 |
表4
DCCA排序轴与地理因子的相关系数和典范系数"
海拔 | 坡度 | 坡形 | 坡位 | 坡向 | 距离 | 干扰度 | 面积率 | 保护率 | 历史性 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
相关系数 | 第一轴 | 0.382** | 0.738** | 0.474** | 0.623** | -0.660** | 0.342** | -0.159 | -0.151 | -0.164 | -0.149 |
第二轴 | -0.432** | -0.040 | -0.040 | -0.099 | 0.051 | 0.087 | -0.173* | -0.077 | -0.071 | -0.023 | |
典范系数 | 第一轴 | 0.445 | 0.860 | 0.553 | 0.727 | -0.769 | 0.399 | -0.185 | -0.176 | -0.191 | -0.174 |
第二轴 | -0.741 | -0.069 | -0.068 | -0.170 | 0.088 | 0.149 | -0.298 | -0.133 | -0.121 | -0.040 |
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