民用机场区域服务能力的结构与空间格局——以长江经济带民用机场体系为例

doi:10.11821/dlyj020170970

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于航空运输过程的完整性,认为民用机场对区域的服务能力取决于机场经由陆路集疏运体系与腹地的连通性,以及机场通过航线网络与其他机场的连通性两方面,据此构建了机场陆侧、空侧及综合服务能力评价方法。长江经济带民用机场体系的实证研究表明,机场间陆侧、空侧以及综合服务能力均呈明显差异,差异程度空侧显著高于陆侧,综合服务能力最低;长三角、长江中游和长江上游三大区域间机场差异与区域内部机场差异共同导致了经济带机场陆侧服务能力的总体差异,但区域内部机场间的差异是形成空侧和综合服务能力总体差异的主要因素;根据服务能力指数的自然间断,将机场划分为高、较高、中等、较低、低5个等级,则陆侧、空侧和综合服务能力等级结构均呈金字塔特征。在空间格局上,受陆路交通网络发展以及区域经济与人口密度等影响,陆侧服务能力由长三角往上游地区呈梯度下降态势;受机场所在城市经济社会特征、综合交通发展与竞争等的综合作用,空侧服务能力呈长三角与上游高于中游地区的“鞍形”格局;综合服务能力沪蓉、沪昆两大交通主轴串联的城市区域相对优于腹地,在三大区域则均存在明显的核心-外围格局,但总体水平由长三角往上游地区呈梯度递减。

关键词: 区域服务能力, 民用机场, 等级结构, 空间格局, 长江经济带

Abstract:

Based on the integrity of air transportation process, this paper suggests that regional services capacity of civil airports should depend on the connectivity between airport and its hinterland through road transportation system, and the one between different airports through airline network. Based on this, the evaluation methods of airport landside, airside and comprehensive service capability were constructed. The empirical study shows that airport service capacities of landside, airside and comprehensive service are significantly different. The degree of difference in the airside is significantly higher than that of the landside, and the comprehensive service capacity is the lowest. The airport differences among the Yangtze River Delta, middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, along with airport differences within these regions are two main reasons accounting for overall landside service capacity differences of the Yangtze Economic Belt. However, differences among airports within the regions stand as the main contributors to the overall difference in airside service capacity and comprehensive service capacity. According to the natural interval of the index, the airport service capacity can be divided into five grades: high, relatively high, medium, relatively low, low, and the structure characteristic of landside, airside and comprehensive service capacity presents a pyramid type. In terms of spatial pattern, affected by the development of highway network, regional economy and population density, the service capability of landside is descending from the Yangtze River Delta to the upper reaches. Affected by the economic and social characteristics, integrated transportation development and competition, airside service capacity of the Yangtze River Delta and the upper reaches is higher than that of the middle reaches, presenting a "saddle shaped" pattern. Comprehensive service capacity in urban areas connected by Shanghai-Chengdu and Shanghai-Kunming axes is relatively higher than that of their hinterlands. There is an obvious core-periphery pattern in the three main regions, but the overall level is descending from the Yangtze River Delta to the upper reaches.

Key words: regional service capacity, civil airport, hierarchical structure, spatial pattern, Yangtze River Economic Belt

吴威, 曹有挥, 梁双波, 张璐璐, 刘玮辰. 民用机场区域服务能力的结构与空间格局——以长江经济带民用机场体系为例[J]. 地理研究, 2019, 38(6): 1512-1526.

Wei WU, Youhui CAO, Shuangbo LIANG, Lulu ZHANG, Weichen LIU. Regional service capability structure and spatial pattern of civil airports: A case study of Yangtze River Economic Belt[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019, 38(6): 1512-1526.

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等级	服务能力指数	机场数量	机场名称
高	17267~33635	7	上海虹桥、常州奔牛、无锡硕放、杭州萧山、南京禄口、义乌、上海浦东
较高	10326~17266	9	宁波栎社、南通兴东、衢州、长沙黄花、扬州泰州、宜春明月山、重庆江北、合肥新桥、池州九华山、
中等	5113~10325	8	武汉天河、南充高坪、成都双流、黄山屯溪、徐州观音、南昌昌北、绵阳南郊、台州路桥
较低	1723~5112	19	安庆、永州零陵、怀化芷江、泸州蓝田、宜昌三峡、温州龙湾、贵阳龙洞堡、淮安涟水、宜宾菜坝、襄阳刘集、常德桃花源、连云港白塔埠、昆明长水、盐城南洋、凯里黄平、景德镇罗家、安顺黄果树、舟山普陀山、达州河市
低	3.4~1722	34	略

等级	服务能力指数	机场数量	机场名称
高	468.80~895.38	4	上海浦东、昆明长水、成都双流、重庆江北
较高	178.54~468.79	6	上海虹桥、杭州萧山、南京禄口、长沙黄花、武汉天河、贵阳龙洞堡
中等	88.24~178.53	6	温州龙湾、丽江三义、合肥新桥、宁波栎社、南昌昌北、无锡硕放
较低	28.15~88.23	21	西双版纳嘎洒、绵阳南郊、徐州观音、遵义、常州奔牛、盐城南洋、义乌、南通兴东、宜昌三峡、张家界荷花、大理、扬州泰州、泸州蓝田、连云港白塔埠、铜仁凤凰、宜宾菜坝、襄阳刘集、舟山普陀山、毕节飞雄、赣州黄金、九寨黄龙
低	1.73~28.14	40	略

等级	服务能力指数	机场数量	机场名称
高	392.54~640.80	3	上海浦东、上海虹桥、杭州萧山、
较高	238.42~392.53	8	南京禄口、重庆江北、成都双流、昆明长水、无锡硕放、长沙黄花、常州奔牛、武汉天河
中等	129.47~238.41	7	义乌、宁波栎社、贵阳龙洞堡、合肥新桥、南通兴东、扬州泰州、、南昌昌北
较低	57.35~129.46	10	衢州、温州龙湾、宜春明月山、池州九华山、徐州观音、绵阳南郊、丽江三义、南充高坪、黄山屯溪、台州路桥、
低	0.90~57.34	49	略