中国城市网络的空间组织特征研究——基于开发区联系的视角

doi:10.11821/dlyj020170982

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

城市网络研究是全球化和信息化背景下城市研究领域的前沿热点。基于开发区数据,借助引力模型构建了中国城市关联网络,并采用社会网络分析方法对网络发育特征进行了研究。研究显示：① 城市网络中心度呈现为少数城市占主导的金字塔结构,网络覆盖城市具有沿海、沿江和地方中心三个指向。高新区城市关联网络由珠三角和长三角城市群内的城市共同主导,经开区城市关联网络由长三角地区城市主导。② 城市网络从城市群内部开始向其他区域扩展,并从团簇结构逐步向鸟巢结构转变。高新区和经开区城市关联网络在哈尔滨-成都-深圳（广州）-福州-上海围合成的网络密集区内分别呈现北密南疏和东密西疏的非对称格局。③ 基于国家级开发区所形成的两类城市网络均表现出极弱的多中心特征。随着时间的推移两类网络的多中心趋势均在增强。④ 板块经济的运行以及城市群战略的实施对城市网络联系具有积极的影响。基于国家级开发区数据,测度了城市间的关联网络,结果反映了开发区政策对于中国城市网络体系重构的重要作用,不仅对于理解中国城市关联网络的演化具有重要意义,而且为城市网络研究提供了新的数据源。

关键词: 城市关联网络, 引力模型, 开发区, 多中心, 制度邻近性

Abstract:

Urban network research has been an important frontier in urban research area with globalization and informatization. This paper constructed the inter-city linkages at prefecture level in China based on national-level development zones data and gravity model. Social network analysis methods were employed to analyze the urban network characteristics. The results indicate that: (1) The centrality of cities featured by a pyramid structure dominated a small number of cities including political center cities, coastal cities and resource-based cities. Both YRD and PRD cities occupied an important and outstanding position in HTIDZ-based urban network. YRD cities occupied an important and outstanding position in ETDZ-based urban network. (2) Urban network rooted in urban agglomeration and expanded from east to middle, west and northeast of China. The urban network structure transfered from clusters structure to nest structure. Both HTIDZ- and ETDZ-based urban networks present an asymmetric density pattern in the enclosure area surrounded by Harbin-Chengdu-Shenzhen (Guangzhou)-Fuzhou-Shanghai. The density of the north part was higher than that of the south part of the enclosure area of HTIDZ-based urban network. The density of the east part was higher than that of the west part of the enclosure area of ETDZ-based urban network. (3) Obvious concentration characteristics were concluded by the low polycentric index and the multi-center trend is increasing over time. (4) Both urban agglomeration strategy and domain economy have positive effects on urban network connection according to the regional clique analysis. The research results indicate that industry zones policy played and will play an important role in urban network reconfiguration, which provides a new data source and a unique perspective for understanding the urban network evolution of China.

Key words: urban network, gravity model, development zone, polycentric, institutional proximity

赵新正, 冯长安, 李同昇, 刘晓琼, 芮旸. 中国城市网络的空间组织特征研究——基于开发区联系的视角[J]. 地理研究, 2019, 38(4): 898-910.

Xinzheng ZHAO, Changan FENG, Tongsheng LI, Xiaoqiong LIU, Yang RUI. Spatial organization characteristics of urban network in China:An analysis based on linkages between China's national-level development zones[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019, 38(4): 898-910.

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开发区阶段	经开区	高新区
第一阶段	1984—1996年	1988—1992年
第二阶段	1996—2005年	1993—2009年
第三阶段	2006—2011年	2010—2014年
第四阶段	2012—2014年

	高新区城市关联网络			经开区城市关联网络
	第一层级	第二层级	第三层级	第一层级	第二层级	第三层级
阶段1	广州、佛山北京	天津上海	苏州、中山、沈阳	上海、苏州营口	天津、大连	宁波、南通
阶段2	广州、佛山无锡	苏州常州	鞍山、辽阳、深圳、上海中山、珠海、湘潭、长沙株洲、北京、南京、天津	苏州、上海杭州	天津、南京	北京、宁波、南通烟台、芜湖
阶段3	广州、佛山无锡、苏州常州	上海深圳鞍山	长沙、中山、西安、北京辽阳、株洲、南京、湘潭珠海、咸阳、惠州、武汉东莞、天津、南通	苏州、镇江	扬州、上海无锡、南京	湖州、嘉兴、杭州南通、天津、宁波烟台
阶段4				苏州、无锡	扬州、嘉兴、镇江南通、上海、杭州南京、绍兴	湖州、泰州、天津、宁波、芜湖

	高新区城市关联网络		经开区城市关联网络
	DI₁	FPI	DI₁	FPI
第一阶段	31.65	0.011	28.32	0.013
第二阶段	22.87	0.016	45.53	0.009
第三阶段	17.76	0.019	31.59	0.016
第四阶段			27.38	0.017

	高新区城市关联网络			经开区城市关联网络
	阶段1	阶段2	阶段3	阶段1	阶段2	阶段3	阶段4
东部地区	-0.90^**	-0.82^**	-0.87^*	-0.98^**	-0.94^**	-0.92^*	-0.95^**
西部地区	-0.72^*	-0.65^*	-0.74^**	-	-	-0.54	-0.70^*
中部地区	-0.87^**	-0.85^**	-0.90^**	-	-0.93^**	-0.86^*	-0.90^**
东北地区	-0.96^*	-0.87^**	-0.90^*	-	-	-0.93^**	-0.95^**
长三角城市群	-0.86^*	-0.66^*	-0.70^**	-	-	-0.76^*	-0.82^**
珠三角城市群	-	-0.67^*	-0.80^*	-	-	-	-
京津冀城市群	-	-0.62^*	-0.61^*	-	-	-	-
长江中游城市群	-	-0.64^*	-0.68^*	-	-	-0.64^*	-0.70^*
成渝城市群	-	-	-	-	-	-	-0.74^*