城市旅游综合体土地利用空间格局演变及驱动机制——以西安曲江为例

doi:10.11821/dlyj020171047

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

判识城市旅游综合体用地格局的演变规律及驱动机制,对于优化城市功能结构和构建城市现代服务体系具有重要意义。本文以西安曲江城市旅游综合体为例,采用土地利用变化指数模型和GIS分析技术,探究其用地分异过程及机制。结果显示,曲江由农业生产和村居功能为主导的乡镇聚落,转变为以旅游功能为核心、多元用地形态圈层布局的城市旅游综合体过程中,其用地形态共经历了均质无序、极化–扩散和均衡集约三个阶段。而这一演化过程,实则是在土地差异化增值形成级差地租的条件下,多元用地主体理性选择的结果。文章认为,保证城市旅游综合体合理的发展用地、有序实现土地增值及发挥地价杠杆的调节作用,是实现城市旅游综合体土地集约利用和功能协同发展的根本前提。

关键词: 城市旅游综合体, 土地利用, 空间格局, 驱动机制, 级差地租, 曲江

Abstract:

Identifying the evolution mechanisms and law of the urban tourism complex’s land use pattern plays an important role in optimizing urban spatial structure, improving the comprehensive service functions of urban tourism and constructing modern urban service system. Taking a case study of Qujiang urban tourism complex in Northwest China's Xi’an, and based on the land-use change index model and the GIS spatial analysis technology, this paper explores the spatial differentiation process of urban tourism complex’s land use pattern by obtaining and analyzing the basic data about the land use change intensity, speed, benefit and function transformation of Qujiang urban tourism complex. The results show that, firstly, Qujiang urban tourism complex evolves from a township settlement to a modern and integrated tourism development area. Secondly, the dominant land use functions of Qujiang have changed significantly. Specifically, the core land use functions have transformed from agricultural production and village residence to tourism leisure and high-end residence. Thirdly, Qujiang urban tourism complex’s land use pattern is a layout like circles, whose core layer is tourism integrated land, and the outer layers are landscape residential land, commercial land, public management and public service land, common community residential land and industrial land in turn. Fourthly, the evolution of urban tourism complex’s land use pattern has experienced three stages including homogeneous and disordered stage, convergence–diffusion stage and balanced intensive stage. In essence, the evolution process of urban tourism complex’s land use pattern is just the spatial structure development process of its own, namely its spatial structure has gone through the homogeneous disorder phase in the beginning to the polarization stage and then to the equilibrium stage. And this evolution process is actually the results of rational participation and collective choice of multiple stakeholders who make decisions under the action of differential land rent caused by land conversion increment and land capitalization increment. Therefore, the article points out that more attention should be attached to ensuring the rational development land of UTC, increasing the land revenue value in an orderly way and giving full play to the dynamic regulation of land price leverage, which would be effective in achieving intensive land use and functional synergy of the urban tourism complex.

Key words: Urban tourism complex, land use, spatial pattern, mechanisms, differential land rent, Qujiang

李维维, 陈田, 马晓龙. 城市旅游综合体土地利用空间格局演变及驱动机制——以西安曲江为例[J]. 地理研究, 2019, 38(5): 1103-1118.

Weiwei LI, Tian CHEN, Xiaolong MA. Mechanisms and spatial pattern of land use changes of the urban tourism complex: A case study of Qujiang, Xi’an[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019, 38(5): 1103-1118.

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代码	地类名称	内容形式	含义
1	居住用地	住宅建筑、社区停车场等	住宅及配套设施用地
2	商服用地	购物中心、商务楼宇等	各类商业、商务和娱乐康体用地
3	道路交通用地	铁路、公路用地等	交通、通讯及基础工程用地
4	工业用地	重工、轻工企业及相关机构等	工矿企业的车间、库房及附属设施用地
5	公共服务用地	行政、科教和卫生机构等	独立设置的公共管理与服务用地
6	水域	河渠、湖泊、溪流、滩涂地等	天然水域和水利设施用地
7	旅游景区用地	风景点、主题公园、文化遗迹等	兼具游赏、历史、艺术和科学价值的用地
8	旅游购物用地	旅游纪念品店、旅游商业街等	为旅游者提供购物场所的用地
9	旅游餐饮用地	主题餐饮区、旅游特色小吃街等	为旅游者提供餐食场所的用地
10	旅游住宿用地	酒店、宾馆、服务型公寓等	为旅游者提供居住空间的用地
11	绿地	公园绿地、防护绿地等	林地、苗圃及各类草地
12	其他用地	农用地、自然保留地、未利用地等	上述用地以外的其他类型用地
I	建设用地	住宅、公共服务、交通及旅游用地等	为各项建设提供承载空间的用地(1~11类)

分类项	期初Ua(hm²)	期末Ub(hm²)	变化面积（hm²）	幅度（%）	土地变化强度S（%）	单一土地利用动态度K（%）	重要度VI (%)
商服用地	46.80	65.80	19.00	40.60	0.25	5.08	8.59
居住用地	335.50	482.90	147.40	43.93	1.95	5.49	18.30
道路交通用地	113.80	193.40	79.60	69.95	1.05	8.74	16.62
工业用地	23.90	43.00	19.10	79.92	0.25	9.99	2.93
公共服务用地	112.10	142.55	30.45	27.16	0.40	3.40	8.43
绿地	309.10	152.30	-156.80	-50.73	2.07	-6.34	12.24
水域	1.40	0.30	-1.10	-78.57	0.01	-9.82	0.07
旅游景区用地	35.40	185.95	150.55	425.28	1.99	53.16	18.39
旅游住宿用地	21.20	28.10	6.90	32.55	0.09	4.07	9.65
旅游餐饮用地	5.50	11.90	6.40	116.36	0.08	14.55	8.59
旅游购物用地	2.40	15.90	13.50	562.50	0.18	70.31	18.30
其他用地	580.90	265.90	-315.00	-54.23	4.16	-6.78	16.62

分类项	期初Ua\|(hm²)	期末Ub(hm²)	变化面积（hm²）	幅度（%）	土地变化强度S（%）	单一土地利用动态度K（%）	重要度VI (%)
商服用地	65.80	110.00	44.20	67.17	1.04	9.60	12.31
居住用地	482.90	669.00	186.10	38.54	4.39	5.51	26.81
道路交通用地	193.40	231.70	38.30	19.80	0.90	2.83	14.45
工业用地	43.00	19.50	-23.50	-54.65	0.55	-7.81	1.18
公共服务用地	142.55	114.85	-27.70	-19.43	0.65	-2.78	8.14
绿地	152.30	135.70	-16.60	-10.90	0.39	-1.56	12.90
水域	0.30	0.60	0.30	100.00	0.01	14.29	0.02
旅游景区用地	185.95	194.45	8.50	4.57	0.20	0.65	7.85
旅游住宿用地	28.10	44.80	16.70	59.43	0.39	8.49	6.94
旅游餐饮用地	11.90	20.90	9.00	75.63	0.21	10.80	5.16
旅游购物用地	15.90	10.20	-5.70	-35.85	0.13	-5.12	1.23
其他用地	265.90	36.30	-229.60	-86.34	5.41	-12.33	3.03
其他用地	265.9	36.3	-229.6	-86.34	5.41	-12.34	46.183