中美港湾流域生态系统服务价值变化比较——以浙江象山港与佛罗里达坦帕湾为例

doi:10.11821/dlyj020171106

地理研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 357-368.doi: 10.11821/dlyj020171106

中美港湾流域生态系统服务价值变化比较——以浙江象山港与佛罗里达坦帕湾为例

刘永超^1,^2,³(), 李加林^1,⁴(), 袁麒翔⁵, 史小丽⁶, 浦瑞良⁷, 何改丽¹

1. 宁波大学地理与空间信息技术系,宁波 315211
2. 自然资源部海岸带开发与保护重点实验室,南京 210024
3. 南京大学中国南海研究协同创新中心,南京 210023
4. 宁波大学东海研究院,宁波 315211
5. 象山县海洋与渔业局海洋资源管理中心,象山 315700
6. 宁波大学学报编辑部,宁波 315211
7. 南佛罗里达大学地球科学学院,坦帕 FL33620,美国

收稿日期:2017-11-23 修回日期:2018-10-24 出版日期:2019-02-20 发布日期:2019-02-20
作者简介:
作者简介：刘永超（1990- ）,男,甘肃庆阳人,博士研究生,研究方向为海岸带环境与资源开发。E-mail: lycgeo@163.com
基金资助:
NSFC-浙江两化融合联合基金（U1609203）;国家自然科学基金（41471004）;国家社会科学基金重大项目（16ZDA050）;自然资源部海岸带开发与保护重点实验室开放基金（2017CZEPK12）;宁波市自然科学基金（2017A610300）

A comparative study on the changes of ecosystem services values in the bay basin between China and the USA: A case study on Xiangshangang Bay basin, Zhejiang and Tampa Bay basin, Florida

Yongchao LIU^1,^2,³(), Jialin LI^1,⁴(), Qixiang YUAN⁵, Xiaoli SHI⁶, Ruiliang PU⁷, Gaili HE¹

1. Department of Geography & Spatial Information Techniques, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210024, China
3. Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
4. Institute for East China Sea, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
5. Center for Marine Resource Management, Ocean and Fishery Bureau of Xiangshan, Xiangshan 315700, China
6. Editorial Department of Journal of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
7. School of Geosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL33620, USA

Received:2017-11-23 Revised:2018-10-24 Online:2019-02-20 Published:2019-02-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

人类活动干扰下的生态系统服务价值变化的国别或区域差异与对比研究成果,可为海岸带综合管理和相关空间规划提供有效指引。以Landsat TM/OLI遥感影像为基础数据,运用GIS空间分析手段,对人类活动影响下的中美两个港湾生态系统服务价值时空变化格局进行了研究。结果表明：① 近30年来象山港流域生态系统类型以农田和森林为主,而坦帕湾流域则以城市和森林为主,两港湾非自然生态系统类型面积大于自然生态系统类型,是研究区生态格局分异的主要影响原因。② 随着人类活动强度增加与开发利用范围扩大,研究时段内象山港流域生态系统服务价值减少了397.64×10⁶元,而坦帕湾减少了1186.73×10⁶元。③ 两港湾流域生态系统服务价值空间分布与区域经济发展水平呈负相关,其中交通布局、农业生产、都市发展等因素对生态系统服务价值分布影响显著。④ 90年代以来坦帕湾海洋功能区划与滨海开发建设过程中遵循自然规律,尤其是“坦帕湾河口保护计划”的管理经验可供象山港开发利用借鉴,象山港需要细化符合其开发的管护方案与多规合一规划,加以启示国内相同级别港湾管理、增强邻里计划与合作交流。

关键词: 人类活动, 生态系统服务价值, 时空格局, 象山港, 坦帕湾

Abstract:

Changes in the ecosystem service values under the disruption of human activities in national or regional differences and their comparative studies can provide an effective guideline for integrated coastal management and related spatial planning. The data used in this study consist of satellite images Landsat TM/OLI medium-resolution images with GIS analysis tools, we study the spatial and temporal changes of ecosystem service values of the Xiangshangang Bay, Zhejiang of China and Tampa Bay, Florida of USA under the influence of human activities. Results show that: (1) In the past 30 years, the Xiangshangang Bay basin mainly consisted of farmland and forests, while the Tampa Bay basin was dominated by cities and forests. The area of unnatural ecosystems of the two estuaries was larger than that of natural ecosystems, which was the main factor affecting the ecological difference of the study area. (2) As the intensity of human activities was increasing and the scope of development and utilization expanded, in the study period, the amount of ecosystem services in Xiangshangang Bay decreased by 397.64×10⁶ yuan, while that of Tampa Bay decreased by 1186.73×10⁶ yuan. (3) The spatial distribution of ecosystem service values of the two estuarine watersheds is negatively correlated with the level of regional economic development. Traffic distribution, agricultural production and urban development stages have a significant impact on the distribution of ecosystem service values. (4) The management experience of the "Tampa Bay Estuary Conservation Plan" since the 1990s can be used for reference for the development and utilization of the Xiangshangang Bay. Multi-disciplinary planning, to be enlightened at the same level of domestic harbor management, should strengthen cooperation and exchange with neighbouring areas.

Key words: human activities, ecosystem service values, temporal and spatial pattern, experience reference, Xiangshangang Bay, Tampa Bay

刘永超, 李加林, 袁麒翔, 史小丽, 浦瑞良, 何改丽. 中美港湾流域生态系统服务价值变化比较——以浙江象山港与佛罗里达坦帕湾为例[J]. 地理研究, 2019, 38(2): 357-368.

Yongchao LIU, Jialin LI, Qixiang YUAN, Xiaoli SHI, Ruiliang PU, Gaili HE. A comparative study on the changes of ecosystem services values in the bay basin between China and the USA: A case study on Xiangshangang Bay basin, Zhejiang and Tampa Bay basin, Florida[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019, 38(2): 357-368.

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港湾	年份	生态系统类型
港湾	年份	农田	森林	水体	湿地	荒漠	城市
象山港流域	1985年	35075.96	99538.38	3322.40	1495.53	696.08	7525.34
	1995年	31010.73	99129.34	4515.03	1134.66	801.51	11062.34
	2005年	27049.21	98870.64	6942.2	742.78	933.28	13115.54
	2015年	26228.32	97896.29	6881.66	622.64	1013.81	15010.96
	1985-1995年	-4065.23	-409.04	1192.63	-360.87	105.43	3537.00
	1995-2005年	-3961.52	-258.70	2427.17	-391.89	131.77	2053.20
	2005-2015年	-820.89	-974.35	-60.54	-120.14	80.53	1895.42
坦帕湾流域	1985年	153185.92	186982.46	29858.13	10895.18	9218.36	237857.15
	1995年	149288.67	184270.52	29092.6	10743.71	8981.24	245623.28
	2005年	144117.69	180626.43	29760.42	10722.87	10883.24	251806.85
	2015年	139364.21	177211.75	29355.44	10377.4	12301.84	259306.15
	1985-1995年	-3897.25	-2711.94	-765.53	-151.47	-237.12	7766.13
	1995-2005年	-5170.98	-3644.09	667.82	-20.84	1902.00	6183.57
	2005-2015年	-4753.48	-3414.68	-404.98	-345.47	1418.60	7499.30

港湾	1985年生态系统类型	2015年生态系统类型
港湾	1985年生态系统类型	城市	荒漠	农田	水体	森林	湿地
象山港流域	城市	7034.56	11.22	67.36	386.27	25.29	0.59
	荒漠	0.12	599.71	0.0	96.24	0.0	0.0
	农田	6531.37	115.49	24866.26	3131.36	343.81	84.02
	水体	799.55	53.04	17.14	2308.76	33.68	10.01
	森林	450.23	141.18	1306.14	157.31	97481.00	1.94
	湿地	150.64	83.74	6.75	725.66	18.17	503.38
坦帕湾流域	城市	232250.08	635.18	1757.57	1412.61	1797.09	0.67
	荒漠	61.05	7605.71	20.11	97.42	1411.67	0.0
	农田	11525.77	1200.20	136138.07	1296.67	3015.62	0.0
	水体	3278.94	452.50	554.97	25016.71	515.37	0.0
	森林	11986.49	2204.96	878.72	1480.46	170380.04	18.21
	湿地	184.70	202.96	14.77	51.57	91.95	10347.62

生态系统类型	象山港流域				坦帕湾流域
生态系统类型	1985年	1995年	2005年	2015年	1985年	1995年	2005年	2015年
农田	1464.53	1294.79	1129.39	1095.11	6395.97	6233.25	6017.35	5818.87
森林	4017.87	4001.36	3990.91	3951.58	7547.55	7438.08	7290.99	7153.15
水体	311.77	423.69	651.46	645.77	2801.89	2730.05	2792.72	2754.72
湿地	512.09	388.52	254.34	213.20	3730.65	3678.79	3671.65	3553.36
荒漠	0.26	0.30	0.35	0.38	3.42	3.33	4.04	4.56
城市	2.84	4.17	4.94	5.66	89.67	92.60	94.93	97.76

港湾	象山港流域				坦帕湾流域
年份	1985年	1995年	2005年	2015年	1985年	1995年	2005年	2015年
Moran's I	-0.36	-0.36	-0.34	-0.36	-0.07	-0.06	-0.06	-0.04
Z	-14.30	-17.75	-18.50	-15.35	-18.95	-19.28	-17.31	-13.60

中美港湾流域生态系统服务价值变化比较——以浙江象山港与佛罗里达坦帕湾为例

A comparative study on the changes of ecosystem services values in the bay basin between China and the USA: A case study on Xiangshangang Bay basin, Zhejiang and Tampa Bay basin, Florida

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