黄山市土地出让区位选择空间特征与影响因素研究

doi:10.11821/dlyj020171215

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着全国旅游业快速发展和城镇化进程加速推进,旅游城市土地投资和开发日益强盛。以典型旅游城市黄山市为案例,以1870宗城市出让用地为样本,采用数理统计、GIS空间分析等方法,分析其土地出让区位选择空间特征与影响因素。研究发现：① 商服、住宅、工业三类用地与用地总和的出让均属于凝聚型空间分布状态,分布均衡度均较低。② 城市东南部和区县城区是土地出让热点集中地区,城市外围地域是冷点集中地区。住宅用地热点地区主要集中于城市近郊、重要旅游区周围;工业用地热点地区主要集中于开发区、工业园区和重要交通沿线;商服用地热点区域主要集中于城市商业集聚区、大型公共设施和旅游景区周围、重要交通设施附近。③ 土地出让区位选择呈点状集聚、线状网络并存,表现为“东南部分布密度较高、西北部分布密度较低”“中心城区密集、外围区县稀疏,县城密集、一般乡镇分散”“交通指向显著、呈带状分布”布局特征。④ 土地出让区位选择涉及城镇化推动的城市内生型、自然环境优美的资源依托型、要素流动便利的交通指向型和集聚经济优势的开发区集中型四种选择模式。⑤ 土地出让区位选择是自然条件、人口经济发展水平、政策制度、城镇化建设、交通设施、旅游发展等因素综合作用的结果,也是政府、企业、居民等不同主体相互作用与博弈的结果。地形对土地出让区位选择的空间约束性和指向性显著;土地出让与人口规模、经济发展水平有较高匹配度;土地政策、城市规划对用地出让的规模和方向有重要影响;交通和旅游快速发展对于土地出让具有明显影响。

关键词: 土地出让, 区位选择, 空间特征, 影响因素, 黄山市

Abstract:

With the continuous tourism development and the urbanization acceleration, tourism city land investment and development is increasingly strong. Taking Huangshan city, a typical tourist city, as an example, and based on the data of 1870 urban land transfers, this paper analyzed the spatial characteristics and influencing factors of land transfer location selection by using the methods of mathematical statistics and GIS spatial analysis. The results show that: (1) Commercial service, residential, industrial land and total land transfer are all in a cohesive spatial distribution, and the degree of distribution equilibrium is low. (2) The hotspots of land transfer are concentrated in the southeast and the central parts of districts/counties, while the cold spots are in the periphery of cities. The hotspots of residential land are mainly distributed in the suburbs and major tourist areas. The hotspots of industrial land are mainly concentrated in development zones, industrial parks and important traffic routes. The hotspots of commercial service land are mainly concentrated in commercial business district, large-scale public facilities and tourist attractions and important transportation facilities. (3) The location selection of land transfer is characterized by point agglomeration and linear network, which is characterized by "higher density in the southeast and lower density in the northwest", "central urban area is dense, peripheral areas are sparse, county towns are dense, and general towns are sparse", "traffic-oriented agglomeration and distribution along the traffic". (4) Based on the spatial location characteristics of land transfer, the location choice of land transfer can be identified into four modes: Urbanization-driven urban endogenous mode, resource-based mode with beautiful natural environment, traffic-oriented mode with high accessibility, development zone centralized mode with agglomeration economy. (5) The location choice of land transfer is the result of the comprehensive effects of natural conditions, the level of population and economic development, policy system, urbanization level, transportation facilities, tourism development and other factors. It is also the result of the interaction and game between different stakeholders such as government, enterprises and residents. The terrain has obvious spatial constraints and directivity on land transfer location selection. The population size and economic development are highly matched with spatial distribution of land transfer. Land policy and urban planning affect the scale and direction of land transfer. The rapid development of transportation and tourism has a significant impact on urban land transfer.

Key words: land transfer, location choice, spatial characteristics, influencing factors, Huangshan city

杨兴柱, 朱跃, 王群. 黄山市土地出让区位选择空间特征与影响因素研究[J]. 地理研究, 2019, 38(6): 1435-1450.

Xingzhu YANG, Yue ZHU, Qun WANG. Spatial location characteristics and influencing factors of urban land transfer in Huangshan city[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019, 38(6): 1435-1450.

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地区	名称	面积（hm²）	供地方式	土地来源	土地级别	土地用途	成交价格（万元）	行业分类	出让日期
歙县	苏扬置业	2.1065	挂牌出让	新增建设用地	未评估	住宅用地	5182.0958	房地产业	2015/8/17
休宁县	黄山中洲汽车贸易有限公司	2.0809	挂牌出让	新增建设用地	一级	商服用地	936.3000	商务服务业	2015/8/10
黄山区	龙门山庄	0.5408	挂牌出让	新增建设用地	二级	商服用地	285.0000	房地产业	2015/8/5
徽州区	汉邦树脂项目	1.1709	挂牌出让	新增建设用地	三级	工业用地	168.6243	化学原料及化学制品制造业	2015/6/19
…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…

用地类型	商服用地	工业用地	住宅用地	用地总和
平均观测距离	706.2294	352.8921	488.0228	254.5388
预期平均距离	2190.8186	1661.5580	2162.4352	1217.8169
最邻近比率	0.3224	0.2124	0.2257	0.2090
Z得分	-28.5203	-43.4877	-34.8032	-65.4192
P值显著性水平	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
空间分布类型	显著聚集	显著聚集	显著聚集	显著聚集

	商服用地			住宅用地			工业用地
	V_p	V_e		V_p	V_e		V_p	V_e
地理联系率V	99.75	99.81		99.82	99.87		99.79	99.77

立法机构	类别	代表性法律法规
全国人大	宪法	《中华人民共和国宪法》第十条
全国人大	法律	土地法、土地管理法、城市房地产管理法、城市规划法等
中央政府	行政法规	土地管理法实施条例、城镇土地使用权出让和转让暂行条例、城市房地产开发暂行管理条例等
中央政府	部门法律	关于整顿和规范土地市场秩序的通知、招标拍卖挂牌出让国有土地使用权规定等
地方政府	地方法规	省市等各级国家权力机关制定的相关规范性文件
地方政府	地方规章	地方政府及各部门制定的土地出让各类规范性文件,如《黄山市人民政府关于进一步强化土地节约集约利用工作的实施意见》