日常活动地建成环境对老年人主观幸福感的影响

doi:10.11821/dlyj020180292

地理研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (7): 1625-1639.doi: 10.11821/dlyj020180292

• 专栏：生活地理与城乡休闲 • 上一篇下一篇

日常活动地建成环境对老年人主观幸福感的影响

周素红^1,^2,³(), 彭伊侬¹, 柳林^4,⁵, 林荣平¹, 张春霞⁶

1. 中山大学地理科学与规划学院,广州 510275
2. 广东省公共安全与灾害工程技术研究中心,广州 510275
3. 广东省城市化与地理环境空间模拟重点实验室,广州 510275
4. 广州大学地理科学学院公共安全地理信息分析中心,广州 510006
5. 辛辛那提大学地理系,辛辛那提 OH45221-0131,美国
6. 广东工程职业技术学院,广州 510520

收稿日期:2018-03-22 修回日期:2019-05-23 出版日期:2019-07-20 发布日期:2019-07-12
作者简介:
作者简介：周素红（1976-）,女,广东饶平人,博士,教授,研究方向为城市地理学、时空间行为和城乡规划。E-mail: eeszsh@mail.sysu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（41871148,7181101150,41531178）;广东省自然科学基金项目（2017A030313228,2014A030312010）

The impact of built environment on well-being of older adults under different geographic contexts

Suhong ZHOU^1,^2,³(), Yinong PENG¹, Lin LIU^4,⁵, Rongping LIN¹, Chunxia ZHANG⁶

1. School of Geography and Planning, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
2. Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Public Security and Disaster, Guangzhou 510275, China
3. Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Guangzhou 510275, China
4. Center of GeoInformatics for Public Security, School of Geographic Sciences, Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006, China
5. Department of Geography, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH45221-0131, Ohio, USA
6. Guangdong Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510520, China

Received:2018-03-22 Revised:2019-05-23 Online:2019-07-20 Published:2019-07-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

建成环境对老年人主观幸福感的影响是老龄化地理学的热点话题,仅从居住地视角探讨建成环境影响可能导致研究结果偏差。为更精确揭示老年人日常活动所处场所建成环境与主观幸福感的关系,利用问卷调查等数据,基于老年人日常活动的时空模式及活动地建成环境特征,采用逻辑回归模型对比不同日常活动地建成环境要素对广州市老年人主观幸福感的影响。研究发现：老年人的主观幸福感受到不同活动地建成环境的共同影响,其中,居住地与日常活动空间建成环境对老年人主观幸福感影响的模型伪R²最大,而维护性活动地与休闲性活动地能反映出仅考虑居住地视角下忽略的部分建成环境变量。由于老年人在不同活动地的停驻时长、频率和目的不同,日常活动地建成环境对老年人主观幸福感的影响机制也存在差异,主要通过影响不同活动地相应的活动机会和出行环境产生作用。结论从老年人群日常活动的角度补充了时空间行为研究,有助于为老年主动健康服务供给与老龄宜居城市建设提供科学支撑。

关键词: 不确定的地理背景问题, 老年人, 主观幸福感, 建成环境, 日常活动

Abstract:

Impact of built environment on older adults’ health has become a hot topic in aging geography research field. As a kind of subjective perception, well-being is influenced much by environment factors. However, bias exists when built environment’s impact on well-being is analysed only under the context of residential neighbourhood. According to the theory of uncertain geographic context problem, the built environment in daily activity space also affects individual’s well-being, not only environment around neighbourhood. For further understanding of the relationship of built environment and well-being, the article discusses the spatial temporal pattern of older people’s daily activity and the characteristic of built environment in different geographic contexts using 2016 survey of Guangzhou older adults. It is indicated that daily trajectories differ among older adults in different health statuses. What’s more, the environment they exposed are totally different as well. Therefore, Logistic regression model is used to analyse different health effects of built environment under separating geographic contexts. It is indicated that built environment affects well-being under all kinds of the geographic contexts, while the built environment of residential neighbourhood and daily activity space influences well-being to the largest extent. Besides, built environment factors in the place of maintenance activity and the place of recreation activity daily activity space have relation with well-being as well. To be more specific, the health effect of built environment like the density of bus stops, the density of green space and the density of intersections varies with geography contexts due to different activity durations, frequencies and purposes under different geographic contexts. The research verifies that built environment influences well-being not only in residential neighbourhood and reveals that geographic context difference exists while we analyse the health effect of built environment. What’s more, the relationship of built environment factors and older adults’ well-being under different geography contexts is also summarized. The conclusion supplements the research of spatial temporal behaviour from the perspective of daily activity and helps to enhance the understanding of built environment’s health effect. It offers a scientific support to the construction of aging liveable city and the provision of active aging health service.

Key words: uncertain geographic context problem, older adults, well-being, built environment, daily activity

周素红, 彭伊侬, 柳林, 林荣平, 张春霞. 日常活动地建成环境对老年人主观幸福感的影响[J]. 地理研究, 2019, 38(7): 1625-1639.

Suhong ZHOU, Yinong PENG, Lin LIU, Rongping LIN, Chunxia ZHANG. The impact of built environment on well-being of older adults under different geographic contexts[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019, 38(7): 1625-1639.

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社区类型	社区特征	典型社区
公有住房社区	社区平均教育水平高,住房以公有住房为主	华师大社区、马棚岗社区
中产阶级中档社区	社区以中年人口为主,人均收入水平较高	晓港湾社区、苏庄社区
中产阶级高档社区	社区以中年人口为主,收入水平高,住房条件好	逸景翠园社区、穗东社区
外来人口社区	社区以外来人口为主,青中年人口比重高	寺右社区、冼村社区
经适房社区	社区住房以经济适用房为主	棠德北社区
农村社区	位于城市郊区,社区住房平均面积大,户均人数多	双岗村、永兴村
老龄化社区	社区老龄人口比重高,本地常住人口为主	晓园东社区、昌乐园社区

变量		样本数	比例(%)	变量		样本数	比例(%)
性别	男	497	51.6	受教育水平	大专本科	43	4.5
性别	女	466	48.4		初高中	806	83.7
年龄 (岁)	60~64	308	32.0		小学及以下	114	11.8
	65~74	644	66.9	与邻居交往状况	较少打招呼	620	64.4
	76~85	11	1.1		偶尔打招呼	297	30.8
个人月收入 (元)	≤ 3000	123	12.8		经常打招呼	46	4.7
	3000~5000	473	49.1	户口类型	本市非农	592	61.5
	≥ 5000	367	38.1		外地非农	184	19.1
子女数 (个)	≤ 1	409	42.5		本市农业	22	2.3
子女数 (个)	≥ 2	554	57.5	外地农业		165	17.1

时间特征	维护性活动		休闲性活动		空间特征	日常活动
时间特征	平均值	标准差	平均值	标准差	空间特征	平均值	标准差
家外时间(min)	139.15	75.84	256.56	132.39	平均离家距离(km)	1.81	3.62
家内时间(min)	780.05	103.54	187.68	79.29	活动椭圆面积(km²)	17.39	53.14

建成环境特征		平均值	标准差	组间差异	建成环境特征		平均值	标准差	组间差异
药店设施密度	居住地	10.32	9.10	21.8***	道路交叉口密度	居住地	43.87	49.74	3.4***
	维护性活动地	10.32	8.72			维护性活动地	41.56	44.89
	休闲性活动地	10.13	9.10			休闲性活动地	45.08	50.83
	日常活动空间	10.72	6.05			日常活动空间	44.39	37.86
人口密度	居住地	2.39	1.99	9.44**	公交车站密度	居住地	8.38	8.26	5.36
	维护性活动地	2.41	1.94			维护性活动地	8.40	7.38
	休闲性活动地	2.26	1.87			休闲性活动地	8.51	7.86
	日常活动空间	2.41	1.66			日常活动空间	8.36	6.16
绿地率	居住地	18.03	17.17	32.4***	道路密度	居住地	11.24	5.60	7.85**
	维护性活动地	15.45	17.35			维护性活动地	11.53	4.90
	休闲性活动地	22.62	25.98			休闲性活动地	11.00	5.61
	日常活动空间	17.09	15.63			日常活动空间	11.64	4.08

变量			模型1：居住地	模型2：维护性活动地	模型3：休闲性活动地	模型4：日常活动空间
社会经济属性	年龄	75~84岁(参照组：60~65岁)	1.148**	1.529*	0.573	0.748
		66~75岁(参照组：60~65岁)	0.969***	1.142***	0.989***	0.984***
	受教育水平	大专本科(参照组：小学及以下)	1.206***	0.429	0.613	0.825**
		初高中(参照组：小学及以下)	-0.588***	-0.776***	-0.661***	-0.664***
	子女数目	0~1名(参照组：2名及以上)	0.840***	0.657***	0.765***	0.796***
	户口类型	外地农业户口(参照组：本地非农户口)	-0.127	-0.001	0.151	-0.113
		外地非农户口(参照组：本地非农户口)	0.192	0.147	0.191	0.040
		本地农业户口(参照组：本地非农户口)	0.346	0.191	0.174	0.035
	个人月收入	5000元以上(参照组：月收入3000元以下)	0.000	0.020	-0.409	-0.348*
		3000~5000元(参照组：月收入3000元以下)	-0.220	-0.257*	-0.268*	-0.304**
	交往状况	经常与邻居打招呼(参照组：较少与邻居打招呼）	-0.549*	0.137	-0.314	-0.421
		偶尔与邻居打招呼(参照组：较少与邻居打招呼)	0.931***	0.975***	0.890***	0.880***
建成环境		药店设施密度	0.096***	0.006	0.038**	0.126***
		绿地率	0.014***	-0.003	-0.002	-0.015**
		人口密度	0.107***	0.046	-0.006	0.001
		公交车站密度	0.009	0.040***	0.041***	0.051***
		道路交叉口密度	0.007***	0.001	0.003	-0.004
		道路密度	-0.170***	-0.065**	-0.081***	-0.181***
活动特征		日常活动家外时间	—	0.006**	0.025**	-0.002***
活动特征		日常活动面积	—	-0.005	-0.005***	0.025***
Pseudo R²			0.299	0.269	0.274	0.292

日常活动地建成环境对老年人主观幸福感的影响

The impact of built environment on well-being of older adults under different geographic contexts

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