乡村振兴与可持续发展——国际典型案例剖析及其启示

doi:10.11821/dlyj020180879

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于对国际典型案例剖析,系统阐释了土地整治、特色产业发展、社会资本培育在协调乡村人地关系,提升内生动力,构建乡村新型主体,实现乡村地域“人-地-业”耦合发展中的重要作用。实施土地整治适应了乡村人地关系变化,有利于提高土地资源利用效率,优化乡村生产、生活、生态空间,为乡村转型发展提供载体。依托优势资源,发展特色产业是提升乡村内生动力的重要抓手,有利于激活乡村人口、土地、产业等要素活力。而民众主观能动性、新型经营主体的构建是增强乡村内生动力的关键因素。乡村社会良好的价值观、信任、责任及其社会网络的培育与构建有助于提高乡村主体凝聚力与协作力,提高乡村地区发展质量,提升物质资本及人力资本的产出效益。

关键词: 乡村振兴, 乡村弹性, 人地关系, 可持续发展

Abstract:

Rural decline is a global phenomenon as the world endeavors to promote its urbanization and industrialization. China has been one of such countries which experienced rapid urbanization development while its countryside is suffering depopulation and the related challenges such as labor shortage, economic recession and land abandonment which are referred as the hollowing-out villages. Rural decline is not solely existing in China. Generally, the current developed countries such as the US, Sweden, UK and France etc. all experienced rural decline while the states took measures and produced policies to revitalize the countryside. In 2017, the Chinese Central Government initiated its rural revitalization strategy which covers a period until 2050. How to implement this strategy? What experiences from the world can be borrowed to China? The paper aims to investigate typical cases from abroad and draw experiences which may be applied in China. By referring to cases from Germany, Japan and Sweden, the paper introduces separately the roles of rural land consolidation, special industry development and social capital cultivation in coordinating human-land relationship, improving endogenous capability and constructing new rural subjects. The analysis finds that these measures have contributed to the coupling development of rural people, land and industries. The enlightenments lie in three aspects. First, land consolidation optimizes rural production, living and ecology spaces and provides rural development with a platform through which local industries can develop by inputting resources. Second, local stakeholders' initiatives and the development of new rural subjects are the key elements to improve villages' endogenous capability. Third, the good values, trust, responsibility and social networks contribute to the cohesion and synergy of rural society and improve the production efficiency of the rural inputs of physical capital and human capital. The paper further discusses the applicability of these experiences in China. It points out that China has large territory and villages differ a lot in resources endowments, development stages, advantages and disadvantages. It is necessary to investigate the current situation of rural system of different areal types, and to figure out the suitable ways to deal with problems and challenges so as to revitalize the countryside. And in this process, the endogenous development and local peasants' initiatives are important to achieve sustainable rural development in the long run.

Key words: rural revitalization, rural resilience, human-land relationship, sustainable development

李玉恒, 阎佳玉, 宋传垚. 乡村振兴与可持续发展——国际典型案例剖析及其启示[J]. 地理研究, 2019, 38(3): 595-604.

Yuheng LI, Jiayu YAN, Chuanyao SONG. Rural revitalization and sustainable development:Typical case analysis and its enlightenments[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019, 38(3): 595-604.

图/表 2

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