中国城市行政地域与实体地域的空间差异及优化整合

doi:10.11821/dlyj020180881

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国的城市界定与行政区划紧密关联。根据2010年人口普查数据,系统分析不同尺度城市行政地域与城市实体地域的界定及其空间差异。主要结论：① 按照直辖市或地级市、设区的市和不设区的市、设街道的市和不设街道的市的层级,城市行政地域范围依次收缩,但是都大于城市实体地域范围。按照实体地域界定,2010年中国城市人口仅占30.18%。② 城市实体地域更能客观地反映城市位序规模的分布状态,而按照城市行政地域会导致规模或排序偏差。③ 未来在行政区划调整时,着重考虑撤县设市、增设地级市、确立乡级行政区划调整标准等,在建立城市实体地域时,可从独立市辖区、县城、特大镇等方面优化,并加强统计信息公开。

关键词: 行政地域, 实体地域, 城市, 行政区划, 中国

Abstract:

The definition of city is connected to administrative division system in China. It is important to understand the spatial difference between city administrative area and city physical area. According to the population census data in 2010, we distinguished city definitions in multiple administrative levels, including municipality cities, prefectural cities, cities with districts, cities without districts, cities with sub-districts and cities without sub-districts. In addition, we compared the spatial areas between city administrative cities and physical cities area and put forward some integration strategies. The main results are listed as follows. (1) Among various administrative cities, municipality cities and prefectural cities were larger. The following ones were cities with districts and cities without districts. The areas of cities with sub-districts and cities without sub-districts were relatively small. City physical area reflected the real landscape of a city, which was smaller than all kinds of city administrative areas. It only covered 0.32% of the whole area in the mainland of China but had 30.18% of Chinese population in 2010. (2) To classify city scale hierarchies, the population in city physical area was a better measure than the population in city administrative area. According to the population in the physical area, Shanghai is the largest city in China in 2010. (3) China's city physical area definition was also affected by city administrative definition. We suggested China's city administrative division adjustment should concerns more on county-to-city conversion and new prefectural-city establishment. It is better to regard the population city physical area as a reference index for administrative division adjustment. For the definition of the city physical area, independent municipal district, county seat and large towns were suggested as the independent city physical area. Besides, we recommended to open the statistical data related to city physical area. We do hope our research can be beneficial for policy implications for China's administrative adjustment and city physical area studies.

Key words: administrative area, physical area, city, administrative division, China

戚伟, 王开泳. 中国城市行政地域与实体地域的空间差异及优化整合[J]. 地理研究, 2019, 38(2): 207-220.

Wei QI, Kaiyong WANG. City administrative area and physical area in China: Spatial differences and integration strategies[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019, 38(2): 207-220.

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行政区划或组织层级	城市型政区	地域型政区
省级	直辖市	省、自治区
地级	地级市	地区、自治州、盟
县级	市辖区、县级市	县、自治县、旗、自治旗、特区、林区
乡级	街道、镇	区公所、乡、苏木、民族乡、民族苏木

名称	行政地域	实体地域
城市	① 省级尺度：直辖市的市域行政管辖范围; ② 地级尺度：地级市的市域行政管辖范围; ③ 县级尺度（按区县范围）：设区的市由下辖全部市辖区构成;不设区的市（含不设区的地级市和县级市）由自身行政管辖范围构成 ④ 县级尺度（按乡镇街道范围）：设街道的市由市辖区内全部街道构成;不设街道的市由市驻地的建制镇的镇域行政管辖范围构成	市辖区和不设区的市,区、市政府驻地的实际建设连接到的居民委员会和其他区域
镇	建制镇的镇域行政管辖范围	在城区以外的县人民政府驻地和其他镇,政府驻地的实际建设连接到的居民委员会和其他区域。还包括与政府驻地的实际建设不连接,且常住人口在3000人以上的独立的工矿区、开发区、科研单位、大专院校等特殊区域及农场、林场的场部驻地视为镇区。
乡	乡、民族乡、苏木等的行政管辖范围	划定的城镇以外的区域

指标	直辖市和地级市	设区的市和不设区的市	设街道的市和不设街道的市	城市实体地域
总人口（万人）	124116	71324	36633	40224
总面积（km²）	4638102	1869418	494474	30622
人口占全国比例（%）	93.12	53.51	27.49	30.18
面积占全国比例（%）	49.05	19.77	5.23	0.32
人口密度（人/km²）	268	382	741	13136

个数（个）	直辖市和地级市	设区的市和不设区的市	设街道的市和不设街道的市	城市实体地域
>1000万人	13	4	2	3
500万~1000万人	75	10	9	9
100万~500万人	188	180	52	58^*
50万~100万人	8	269	79	93
<50万人	3	193	514	493^#
合计	287	656	656	656

排序	直辖市和地级市市域		设区的市市区和不设区的市		设街道市和不设街道市		城市实体地域
排序	名称	人口	名称	人口	名称	人口	名称	人口
1	重庆市	2885	上海市	2232	北京市	1518	上海市	1764
2	上海市	2302	北京市	1883	深圳市	1035	北京市	1555
3	北京市	1961	重庆市	1569	上海市	953	深圳市	1035
4	成都市	1405	天津市	1109	武汉市	897	广州市	924
5	天津市	1294	广州市	1107	重庆市	889	天津市	886
6	广州市	1270	深圳市	1036	广州市	877	重庆市	867
7	保定市	1119	武汉市	979	天津市	769	武汉市	728
8	哈尔滨市	1064	东莞市	822	南京市	668	东莞市	718
9	苏州市	1046	成都市	742	西安市	628	佛山市	636
10	深圳市	1036	佛山市	720	沈阳市	609	成都市	589
11	南阳市	1026	南京市	717	成都市	609	沈阳市	567
12	石家庄市	1016	西安市	650	哈尔滨市	467	南京市	564
13	临沂市	1004	沈阳市	626	大连市	403	西安市	488
14	武汉市	979	杭州市	624	杭州市	381	哈尔滨市	466
15	邯郸市	917	哈尔滨市	588	青岛市	372	杭州市	441
16	温州市	912	汕头市	533	佛山市	370	大连市	388
17	潍坊市	909	济南市	434	济南市	353	郑州市	363
18	周口市	895	郑州市	425	郑州市	330	青岛市	352
19	青岛市	872	长春市	419	长春市	320	济南市	336
20	杭州市	870	大连市	409	昆明市	303	长春市	329