大城市郊区村域土地利用功能演变及其对乡村振兴的启示——以成都市江家堰村为例

doi:10.11821/dlyj020181059

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

村域是我国农村社会经济活动的基本单元,村域土地利用功能的合理发挥对于实现乡村振兴多元目标具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文首先对村域土地利用功能变化及影响机制进行了理论探究,然后以成都市郊区江家堰村为例,定量揭示了其发展转型过程中的土地利用功能变化、影响机制,提出了土地多功能利用助推乡村振兴途径。结果表明：① 土地利用功能因土地利用类型和土地利用方式变更发生变化,并受自然资源禀赋、社会经济条件、区域政策等间接影响,不同类型乡村其土地利用功能变化趋势往往不同;② 江家堰村经历了乡村旅游发展阶段、土地综合整治和生态建设阶段,其土地利用功能变化主要表现为生产功能转化为生产-生态复合功能,生活功能转化为生产-生活复合功能,土地利用功能呈现多元化和复合化特征;③ 大城市郊区乡村土地利用功能变化受自然因素、区位条件、产业转型、区域政策及土地利用主体等因素的综合影响。乡村振兴过程中,应充分发挥土地利用的多功能属性,促进乡村价值提升。

关键词: 村域, 土地利用功能, 影响机制, 大城市郊区, 乡村振兴

Abstract:

Village is the basic unit of the socio-economic activities. It is greatly valuable to study rural land-use functions for rural revitalization on theory and practice levels. In this paper, the theory of village land use function change is theoretically explored, and the selection and measurement methods of village land use function evaluation unit are proposed. The influence mechanism of rural land use function change is analyzed. Taking Jiangjiayan Village in the suburbs of Chengdu as an example, this paper quantitatively analyzes the characteristics and dynamic changes of land use function in 2001, 2008 and 2018, and discusses the impact mechanism of land use change in typical villages. This paper proposes the enlightenment for rural revitalization, and provides theoretical and methodological references for the implementation of rural revitalization in the suburbs of the big city and the evaluation of land use function in the process. The main contents and results were summed as follows: (1) Land-use functions change due to changes in land-use types and patterns, which are indirectly affected by natural resource endowments, socio-economic conditions, and regional policies. Different types of rural land use have different change trends. The trend of land use function change is generally represented by traditional agricultural production, rural life, ecological transformation into modern industrial production function, multi-subject life service function and composite functions of different combinations. (2) Jiangjiayan has experienced three development stages since 2001, namely rural tourism development stage, land reclamation stage and ecological construction stage. Land-use functions in Jiangjiayan have become more diverse and complex: the production function transforms to production-ecology function, and the living function transforms to production-living function. (3) The changes of land-use functions in the suburb of metropolitan are results from such comprehensive influences as natural factors, location condition, industrial transformation, regional policies and land use subjects. It is suggested that multi-functionality of land use is an important way to upgrade the value of rural areas in the process of rural revitalization. Due to its unique location advantages, the suburbs of large cities can improve the functional value of rural land use production through land transfer, comprehensive land improvement and green industrial development, realize the multi-purpose use of land, and promote rural revitalization.

Key words: village-level region, land use function, influence mechanism, metropolitan suburban, rural revitalization

朱琳, 黎磊, 刘素, 李裕瑞. 大城市郊区村域土地利用功能演变及其对乡村振兴的启示——以成都市江家堰村为例[J]. 地理研究, 2019, 38(3): 535-549.

Lin ZHU, Lei LI, Su LIU, Yurui LI. The evolution of village land-use function in the metropolitan suburbs and its inspiration to rural revitalization: A case study of Jiangjiayan Village in Chengdu City[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019, 38(3): 535-549.

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乡村发展类型	乡村转型发展前			乡村转型发展后
乡村发展类型	主要土地利用类型	土地利用主体	土地利用功能	主要土地利用类型	土地利用主体	土地利用功能
农业主导型	耕地	农户	农业生产	耕地	农户/农业企业	农业生产
	生产性林地	农户	生产	生产性林地	农户	生产
	非生产性林地	农户	生态	非生产性林地	农户/农业企业	生态
	农村宅基地	农户	生活	农村宅基地	农户	生活
	……	……	……	……	……	……
工业主导型	耕地	农户	农业生产	耕地	农户	农业生产
	生产性林地	农户	生产	生产性林地	农户	生产
	非生产性林地	农户	生态	非生产性林地	农户	生态
	农村宅基地	农户	生活	农户住宅	农户	生活
	农村宅基地	农户	生活	商用宅基地	商户	生产-生活
				工业用地	工业企业	工业生产
				商业用地	商户	商业生产
				公共服务与公共设施用地	农户/工业企业/商户	生活服务
	……	……	……	……	……	……
商旅服务型	耕地	农户	农业生产	耕地-农用	农户	农业生产
	耕地	农户	农业生产	耕地-景观	游客	旅游生产-生态
	生产性林地	农户	生产	生产性林地	农户	生产
	非生产性林地	农户	生态	非生产性林地-景观	游客	生产-生态
	非生产性林地	农户	生态	其他非生产性林地	农户/游客/商户	生态
	农村宅基地	农户	生活	农村宅基地-居住	农户	生活
	农村宅基地	农户	生活	农村宅基地-商用	商户	生产-生活
				公共服务与公共设施用地	农户/游客/商户	生活
	……	……	……	……	……	……

土地利用功能	用地大类	用地小类
生产功能	生产用地	耕地、工业用地、旅游产业用地等（旅游设施、停车场等）
生活功能	生活用地	普通住宅用地、公共管理和公共服务用地、道路等
生态功能	生态用地	林地、空闲地、裸地、一般水体等
生产-生活复合功能	生产-生活用地	旅游餐饮用地、旅游购物用地、旅游娱乐用地、旅游住宿用地等
生产-生态复合功能	生产-生态用地	用于旅游发展的公园、水体、绿地等

类型	2001年		2008年		2018年		类型
类型	面积(hm²)	比例(%)	面积(hm²)	比例(%)	面积(hm²)	比例(%)	类型
生活用地	27.96	8.92	34.74	11.08	48.76	15.56	生活用地
	0.00	0.00	1.76	0.56	9.35	2.98	生产-生活用地
生产用地	225.11	71.84	208.55	66.55	14.29	4.56	生产用地
	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	211.26	67.42	生产-生态用地
生态用地	60.29	19.24	68.31	21.80	29.70	9.48	生态用地