基于生态安全的山地城镇土地可持续利用模式研究——以云南大理市为例

doi:10.11821/dlyj020181341

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着中国城镇化推进,开发低丘缓坡山地建设山地城镇,成为中国南方山区解决城镇化土地资源矛盾的重要途径。但山地生态环境脆弱,如何在保障生态安全的前提下科学合理的开发建设山地城镇,目前尚没有成熟理论与方法,本文对此做了一些初步探讨。本文以大理市为研究案例,将地质灾害、水源涵养、地形地貌、水土保持、生物多样性、洪水淹没作为山地城镇建设关键生态因子,划分确定山地城镇建设的生态安全等级;通过CGELUC模型与DLS模型等实证分析和情景模拟,优化生态安全约束下山地城镇土地利用布局和情景模式选择。实证研究表明,高生态安全的经济优先发展模式和三维立体土地利用方式,是最符合山地立体特征的山地城镇土地可持续利用模式。

关键词: 生态安全, 山地城镇, 土地可持续利用, CGELUC模型, DLS模型

Abstract:

With the advance of China’s urbanization, developing low hills and gentle slopes to build mountain towns has become an important approach to solve the contradiction of land resources brought by urbanization in mountainous areas of southern China. However, the ecological environment of mountainous areas is fragile, regarding to how to develop and construct mountain towns scientifically and reasonably on the premise of guaranteeing ecological security, there is no mature theory and method at present. This paper has carried out some preliminary discussion in this regard. With Dali City as an example, this paper takes geological hazards, water conservation, topography, soil & water conservation, biodiversity, and flood inundation as key ecological factors in the construction of mountain towns to divide and determine the ecological security level of mountain town construction; through empirical analysis and scenario simulation such as CGELUC model and DLS model, the land use and scenario mode selection in mountain towns under the constraint of ecological security are optimized. The empirical study shows that the economic development priority model and three-dimensional land use with high ecological security level are sustainable land use model for mountain towns that are most suitable with the three-dimensional characteristics of mountainous areas. The complex physical geographical conditions and ecological environment of mountain towns bring a series of influencing factors and restrictive conditions of complex changes to the land use of mountain towns. There are always different views in academic circles with respect to the ecological problems in the construction and development of mountain towns on low hills and gentle slopes. This study can be a preliminary exploration. Obviously, whether the construction and development of mountain towns on low hills and gentle slopes will lead to the instability of the ecosystem, there is still a lot of follow-up research work to be carried out.

Key words: ecological security, mountain towns, sustainable use of land, CGELUC model, DLS model

张洪, 李中元, 李彦. 基于生态安全的山地城镇土地可持续利用模式研究——以云南大理市为例[J]. 地理研究, 2019, 38(11): 2681-2694.

ZHANG Hong, LI Zhongyuan, LI Yan. Study on sustainable land use model in mountain towns based on ecological security: Taking Dali city of Yunnan province as an example[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019, 38(11): 2681-2694.

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高程（m）	坡度	植被覆盖率	地貌类型	地质年代	土壤类型	岩性	分值
>2800,<1500	0~8	1~0.8	倾斜平原	J、T、P	轻黏土	松软	1
2500~2800	2~15	0.8~0.6	起伏平原	C、K	重壤土	较松软	2
2200~2500	15~25	0.6~0.4	小起伏山地	O、D	中壤土	中性	3
1500~1700	25~35	0.4~0.2	中起伏山地	N、E	轻壤土	较坚硬	4
1700~2200	>35	0.2~0	大起伏山地	Q、G	砂壤土	坚硬	5

水土流失	面积（hm²）	面积比例（%）
微度	87420	0.588
轻度	36101	0.243
中度	13765	0.093
强烈	5662	0.038
极强烈	3831	0.026
剧烈	1787	0.012

	坡度	相对高程	坡向	地形形态	地质灾害	水土流失	交通可达性	距中心城镇
高环境	10.72	2596.2	173.51	13.88	低度	高	0.15	0.55
高基准	10.64	2598.3	174.53	13.88	低度	高	0.15	0.55
高经济	10.45	2570.7	176.97	13.88	低度	高	0.15	0.55
中环境	11.76	2681.3	175.04	13.90	低度	极高	0.14	0.54
中基准	11.32	2681.3	176.83	13.90	低度	极高	0.14	0.54
中经济	11.03	2655.5	178.56	13.90	低度	极高	0.14	0.54
低环境	11.62	2685.8	175.30	13.93	中度	极高	0.14	0.53
低基准	11.47	2683.7	177.15	13.93	中度	极高	0.14	0.53
低经济	11.33	2674.9	178.24	13.93	中度	极高	0.14	0.53

	坡度得分	高差得分	坡向得分	地形得分	地灾得分	水土低分	交通得分	城镇得分	总分
高环境	71.63	17.30	96.39	92.53	100	70	15	55	69.89
高基准	72.40	17.27	96.96	92.53	100	70	15	55	69.93
高经济	72.86	17.62	98.32	92.53	100	70	15	55	70.06
中环境	70.74	16.48	97.24	92.67	100	50	14	54	59.92
中基准	69.49	16.48	98.24	92.67	100	50	14	54	59.82
中经济	68.66	16.81	99.20	92.67	100	50	14	54	59.83
低环境	70.34	16.43	97.39	92.87	80	50	14	53	49.83
低基准	69.91	16.45	98.42	92.87	80	50	14	53	49.90
低经济	69.91	16.56	99.02	92.87	80	50	14	53	49.92

2020年	2014年草地	耕地	建设用地	林地	水域	总计
草地	670.70	0	0	0	0	670.70
耕地	0.02	103.77	0	0	0	103.79
建设用地	38.49	13.90	299.92	18.56	0.45	370.51
林地	0.76	0.52	1.83	373.91	0	377.02
水域	0	0	0.50	0	207.08	207.58
总计	709.97	117.38	302.25	392.47	207.53	1729.60