精明收缩视角下乡村人居空间变化特征及类型划分——以江苏省常熟市为例

doi:10.11821/dlyj020190286

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为应对快速城镇化带来的乡村人口收缩的现实,苏南地区提出了一系列引导乡村空间收缩发展的政策。以常熟市为例,基于2005年和2017年乡村人口统计数据和农村居民点矢量数据,定量分析县、镇、村不同尺度下乡村人居空间变迁特征及差异并进行了类型划分。研究发现,常熟市乡村人居空间利用集而不约;乡村人居活动和乡村人居空间的变化特征存在不同尺度的差异性;镇域层面人居空间变化存在城镇化主导型、产业主导型、交通主导型、产业-交通复合主导型、政策主导型等五种类型;城镇化、产业、交通和政策是引起乡村人居空间变化的主要驱动因素。研究结论可以从精明收缩视角为苏南地区乡村人居空间的转型发展提供理论支撑。

关键词: 乡村人居空间, 精明收缩, 动态变化, 类型划分, 常熟

Abstract:

In order to adapt to the context of rural population contraction caused by urbanization, the local government has put forward a series of policies guiding rural space shrinkage development in southern Jiangsu. Based on the statistics data of rural population and the spatial vector data of rural land use in 2005 and 2017, this paper took Changshu city as the research area, then carried out a quantitative analysis of the trend of rural human settlement space change in different scales of county, town and village from four aspects, including rural population size, rural residential land use, internal structure and expansion direction. Finally, this paper identified different types and influencing factors of rural human settlement space change. Several conclusions were obtained as follows: (1) On the county scale, the rural human activity in Changshu was continually shrinking, but the rural human settlement space was expanding, especially in the south & southwest directions. Moreover, rural land use internal structure was becoming more non-agricultural, and overall state was diluted and extensive. (2) On the town & village scales, there were differences in change characteristics on different scales. Specifically, the rural human activity was in both contraction and expansion, and exhibited differently on different scales, which was more significant on the village scale. (3) The paper identified five types of changes in rural human settlements space of Changshu city, namely, urbanization oriented, industrialization oriented, transportation oriented, industrialization-transportation oriented and policy oriented, as well as explored its driving factors on a macro level. In short, the rural human settlement space change of Changshu city is driven by four factors containing urbanization, industry, transportation and policy. Also, this study could expand the multi-scale analysis method of rural Smart Decline, and even introduce a new theoretical perspective for the rural space transformation research.

Key words: rural human settlement space, Smart Decline, dynamic change, type classification, Changshu

李红波, 刘美豆, 胡晓亮, 陈晓华. 精明收缩视角下乡村人居空间变化特征及类型划分——以江苏省常熟市为例[J]. 地理研究, 2020, 39(4): 939-954.

LI Hongbo, LIU Meidou, HU Xiaoliang, CHEN Xiaohua. Characteristics and type classification of rural human settlement space change from Smart Decline viewpoint: A case study of Changshu city, Jiangsu province[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2020, 39(4): 939-954.

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全国土地分类（试行）国土资发[2001]255号				土地利用现状分类GB/T21010-2007				本文分类
11	耕地	111	灌溉水田	01	耕地	011	水田	01	耕地
		112	望天田			011	水田
		113	水浇地			012	水浇地
		115	菜地			012	水浇地
		114	旱地			013	旱地
12	园地	121	果园	02	园地	021	果园	02	园地
		123	茶园			022	茶园
		122	桑园			023	其他园地
		125	其他园地			023	其他园地
13	林地	131	有林地	03	林地	031	有林地	03	林地
15	其他农用地	153	农村道路	10	交通运输用地	104	农村道路	10	交通运输用地
		154	坑塘水面	11	水域及水利设施用地	114	坑塘水面	11	水域及水利设施用地
		155	养殖水面			114	坑塘水面
		156	农田水利用地			117	沟渠
		151	畜禽饲养地	12	其他用地	122	设施农用地	12	其他用地
		152	设施农业用地
		158	晒谷场等用地
		157	田坎							123	田坎
26	交通运输用地	261	铁路用地	10	交通用地			101	铁路用地	10	交通运输用地
		262	公路用地					102	公路用地
		264	港口码头用地			106	港口码头用地
		265	管道运输用地			107	管道运输用地
27	水利设施用地	272	水工建筑用地	11	水域及水利设施用地	118	水工建筑物用地	11	水域及水利设施用地
32	其他土地	321	河流水面	11	水域及水利设施用地	111	河流水面
		322	湖泊水面	112	湖泊水面
		323	苇地	116	内陆滩涂
		324	滩涂	116	内陆滩涂
31	未利用土地	311	荒草地	04	草地	043	其他草地	04	草地
		317	其他未利用土地	04	草地	043	其他草地	04	草地
		316	裸岩沙砾地	12	其他用地	127	裸地	12	其他用地
20	居民点及独立工矿用地	201	城市	20	城镇村及工矿用地	201	城市	20A	城镇用地
		202	建制镇			202	建制镇	20A	城镇用地
		203	农村居民点			203	村庄	20B	农村居民点用地
		204	独立工矿			204	采矿用地	20C	其他建设用地
		206	特殊用地			205	风景名胜及特殊用地	20C	其他建设用地

镇域状态	村域状态	所属镇	类型	特征(人居活动,人居空间)	影响因素
蔓延	蔓延膨胀为主稀释分散其中(城镇建成区周围)	梅李镇	I城镇化	(↓,↑)	用地总量
蔓延	蔓延膨胀为主稀释分散其中(城镇建成区周围)	支塘镇
蔓延	蔓延膨胀为主稀释分散其中(城镇建成区周围) 偶有紧缩(沿工业园区)	虞山镇
蔓延	膨胀为主,蔓延稀释分散其中偶有收缩紧缩(沿工业园区)	碧溪镇	II产业	(↓,↓)或(↑,↓)	资源要素
蔓延	蔓延为主,稀释分散其中偶有紧缩(沿风景区)	沙家浜镇	II产业	(↑,↓)	居民点功能
蔓延	蔓延稀释为主偶有紧缩(沿交通干线)	古里镇	III交通	(↑,↓)	设施配置
稀释	蔓延稀释为主偶有萎缩紧缩(沿交通干线)	董浜镇	III交通	(↑,↓)	设施配置
蔓延	蔓延稀释为主偶有膨胀紧缩(沿工业园区、交通干线)	海虞镇	IV产业-交通	(↑,↑)或(↑,↓)	资源要素设施配置
蔓延	蔓延为主偶有膨胀(沿城镇建成区、工业园区)	尚湖镇	V政策	(↑,↑)	用地效益
蔓延	蔓延为主偶有膨胀(沿城镇建成区、工业园区)	辛庄镇	V政策	(↑,↑)	用地效益