中国精准扶贫驻村帮扶工作成效及其影响因素

doi:10.11821/dlyj020190423

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于全国6378个村的驻村帮扶数据样本,本研究分析了精准扶贫工作中驻村帮扶措施的实施与进展状况,并用计量方法识别了影响驻村帮扶成效的主要因素,测度了帮扶工作的减贫效应。驻村帮扶队伍主要由县级单位派出的男性干部组成,平均年龄为42岁且学历以大专大学为主;驻村干部采取的帮扶措施保持了因村施策原则,具体包括“输血式”与“造血式”帮扶;帮扶项目的实施和成效具有明显的地域特征,总体上西部优于中部;驻村帮扶成效受到多重因素影响,干部的年龄、学历和派出单位等个人特征会影响减贫人口的数量,驻村工作队采取的扶贫措施主要会影响教育卫生等基础设施的改善。研究结果将有助于为顺利推进中国精准扶贫和乡村振兴有效衔接提供理论依据和决策支持。

关键词: 精准扶贫, 驻村帮扶, 工作成效, 影响因素, 第一书记, 中国

Abstract:

In response to the UN goal of sustainable development and poverty eradication in 2030, the Chinese government put forward and implemented the national strategy of targeted poverty alleviation in 2014. Scholars have carried out much research from the perspective of poverty factors, poverty types and spatial poverty traps, etc., but the empirical research and policy analysis of specific poverty alleviation measures have not been given enough attention. Based on the data samples of 6378 villages in China, this study analyzed the implementation and progress of the village based assistance measures in the targeted poverty alleviation work, identified the main factors affecting the effectiveness of the village based assistance with the measurement method, and measured the poverty reduction effect of the assistance work. The results show that the first secretary of the village assistance is mainly composed of male cadres sent by county-level units, with an average age of 42 years and education background mainly from universities. During the implementation of the work, the principle of adopting different village strategies according to the needs has been maintained. The specific assistance measures include the development of industry, the cultivation of labor force, the transformation of houses, and the hardening of roads. There are obvious regional differences in the implementation and achievements of these measures. Generally speaking, the poverty alleviation work in the western region is better than that in the central region. The empirical results of the econometric model show that the effect of the assistance work in the village is affected by multiple factors, and the personal characteristics of the first secretary, such as age, education background and work unit, has significant impact on poverty reduction. At the same time, the poverty alleviation measures taken by the task force have a far-reaching significance for improving the public infrastructure in poor areas. The research results will be helpful to provide theoretical basis and decision support for the smooth promotion of the effective connection between targeted poverty alleviation and rural revitalization in China.

Key words: targeted poverty alleviation, assistance in the village, work effectiveness, influencing factors, first secretary, China

童春阳, 周扬. 中国精准扶贫驻村帮扶工作成效及其影响因素[J]. 地理研究, 2020, 39(5): 1128-1138.

TONG Chunyang, ZHOU Yang. Achievements and influencing factors of help the poor in village in China's targeted poverty alleviation[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2020, 39(5): 1128-1138.

图/表 5

表1

表2

图1

图2

表3

驻村帮扶成效的回归分析"

变量	减贫人口			健康卫生			文化教育
变量	全国	中部	西部	全国	中部	西部	全国	中部	西部
驻村帮扶措施
造血式扶贫	7.452	-4.024	15.801*	0.660***	0.869***	0.442***	0.915***	0.899***	0.875***
	(5.340)	(6.089)	(8.478)	(0.079)	(0.131)	(0.103)	(0.068)	(0.103)	(0.096)
输血式扶贫	30.968***	20.130***	31.398***	1.470***	1.334***	1.436***	1.245***	1.126***	1.113***
	(6.002)	(6.431)	(10.312)	(0.111)	(0.159)	(0.159)	(0.082)	(0.115)	(0.123)
其他帮扶措施	12.606**	9.594	9.972	0.105	0.161	0.169*	-0.134*	0.142	-0.324***
	(5.657)	(6.855)	(8.476)	(0.074)	(0.121)	(0.097)	(0.072)	(0.109)	(0.099)
帮扶干部背景
是否为年轻干部	-12.379***	-2.346	-34.946***	0.189***	0.185*	-0.028	0.194***	0.285***	-0.225**
是否为年轻干部	(4.564)	(5.379)	(7.260)	(0.062)	(0.099)	(0.083)	(0.058)	(0.086)	(0.087)
受教育年限	4.636***	-2.478	9.908***	-0.065***	-0.063	-0.057**	-0.032	-0.016	-0.034
	(1.676)	(2.113)	(2.414)	(0.022)	(0.039)	(0.028)	(0.022)	(0.034)	(0.029)
派出单位等级	-20.961***	-13.811***	-24.927***	-0.068*	0.040	-0.161***	-0.126***	-0.065	-0.226***
	(2.964)	(3.776)	(4.254)	(0.039)	(0.069)	(0.049)	(0.038)	（0.060）	(0.051)
2016年村集体收入	5.785***	3.805***	7.799***	0.031***	0.047***	0.016**	0.048***	0.022***	0.067***
2016年村集体收入	(0.431)	(0.523)	(0.650)	(0.006)	(0.010)	(0.008)	(0.006)	(0.008)	(0.008)
驻村干部人数	0.168	1.301***	-4.091***	0.016***	0.015**	0.068***	0.023***	0.021***	0.064***
	(0.439)	(0.405)	(1.078)	(0.006)	(0.007)	(0.014)	(0.006)	(0.007)	(0.017)
常数项	70.265**	155.229***	30.863	-1.725***	-2.635***	-1.062**	-1.183***	-1.881***	-0.285
	(31.036)	(39.004)	(44.943)	(0.421)	(0.724)	(0.526)	(0.401)	(0.636)	(0.540)
观察值个数	6298	2665	3633	6298	2665	3633	6298	2665	3633
R的平方	0.053	0.032	0.079

表3

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省份	县数（个）	村数（个）
四川	8	570
贵州	8	818
广西	7	697
云南	7	274
河北	6	479
安徽	6	25
湖北	6	305
湖南	6	370
江西	5	410
甘肃	5	408
河南	5	462
山西	4	349
内蒙	4	238
吉林	4	269
海南	4	50
重庆	4	318
西藏	4	106
陕西	3	149
新疆	2	13
宁夏	1	68
合计	99	6378

变量（单位）	观察值	平均值
第一书记性别（0=女性,1=男性）	6378	0.903
第一书记年龄（岁）	6378	42.020
受教育年限（年）	6378	15.560
第一书记派出单位*（1,2,3,4,5）	6378	3.813
“造血式”帮扶措施（0=否,1=是）	6378	0.743
“输血式”帮扶措施（0=否,1=是）	6378	0.817
其他帮扶措施（0=否,1=是）	6378	0.173
驻村工作队人数（人）	6298	4.816
工作队帮扶户数（户）	5891	17.640
2014年减贫人数（人）	5114	85
2015年减贫人数（人）	5450	110
2016年减贫人数（人）	5750	123
2014年村集体收入（元）	5652	20263
2015年村集体收入（元）	5802	25608
2016年村集体收入（元）	6378	49962
健康卫生成效（0=否,1=是）	6378	0.315
文化教育成效（0=否,1=是）	6378	0.518