基于地貌动力学的雷州半岛海滩状态分类研究

doi:10.11821/dlyj020190444

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

海滩地貌动力学为理解海滩形态和海岸动力环境提供了理论框架,在海滩的保护与开发中有重要的指导意义。基于地质背景、海滩地貌形态、海滩沉积物和海洋动力要素选取7个可以量化的海滩特征指标,采用聚类分析对雷州半岛23个海滩进行分类和地貌动力特征识别,针对海滩状态分类模型Ω-RTR在雷州半岛复杂多变海岸线环境下的适用性进行了分析,结果表明：① 雷州半岛海滩可以分为六类：反射组、低潮阶地/反射组（有裂流）、沙坝-槽谷/中间状态组、沙坝消散组、超消散组和低潮阶地/反射组（无裂流）;② 波浪、潮汐、沉积物特征以及海岸地质构造背景等对雷州半岛海滩状态均有不同程度的影响,在不同岸段各要素的影响各异。地质背景是海滩状态分类不可忽视的因素。③ 由于Ω-RTR模型在判别海滩状态时更侧重于动力和沉积因素,分类结果与聚类分析结果稍有差异,但总体上可以有效区分海滩状态类型,是理解海滩动力地貌系统有效手段。

关键词: 海滩状态, 地貌动力学, Ω-RTR模型, 聚类分析, 雷州半岛

Abstract:

Beach morphodynamic provides a theoretical framework for understanding the beach morphology and coastal dynamic environment, and has important guiding significance in beach protection and development. In order to determine the beach classification on the Leizhou Peninsula, 7 quantifiable beach characteristics about geological background, beach morphology, beach sedimentation and coastal dynamic factors were selected. Results show that: (1) beaches on the Leizhou Peninsula coast can be divided into 6 groups: reflective group, low tide terrace/reflective group (with rip current), sand bar-trough/middle state group, barred dissipative group, ultra-dissipative group and low tide terrace/reflective group (without rip current). (2) Wave, tide, sediment characteristics and coastal background of geological structure have different effects on the beach state in the study area. Factors have different influences on different coastal sections on Leizhou Peninsula. Geological background is an important factor in beach classification. (3) Because the Ω-RTR model is more focused on dynamic and sedimentary factors in identifying beach state, classification results derived from Ω-RTR model are slightly different from those from cluster analysis. As a whole, the Ω-RTR model can effectively distinguish beach state type and is an effective means to understand beach morphodynamic system.

Key words: beach state, beach morphodynamic, Ω-RTR model, cluster analysis, Leizhou Peninsula

朱士兵, 李志强, 张会领, 曾春华, 陈海银. 基于地貌动力学的雷州半岛海滩状态分类研究[J]. 地理研究, 2020, 39(6): 1269-1282.

ZHU Shibing, LI Zhiqiang, ZHANG Huiling, ZENG Chunhua, CHEN Haiyin. Morphodynamic classification of beaches on the coast of Leizhou Peninsula[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2020, 39(6): 1269-1282.

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	潮汐类型	平均潮差(m)	年平均波高(m)	常浪向	年平均波周期(s)
水东湾	不规则半日潮	1.74	0.80	SE	3.60
湛江港	不规则半日潮	2.16	0.90	ENE	3.10
雷州湾	不规则半日潮	1.77	0.90	ENE	3.10
安铺港	不规则半日潮	3.50	0.70	SW	4.00
硇洲岛	不规则半日潮	1.77	0.90	ENE	3.10

	动力因子			沉积因子	地貌因子		地形控制因子
	平均波高(m)	平均波周期(s)	平均潮差(m)	泥沙粒径(mm)	前滨坡度(%)	滩面宽度(m)	开敞度 (SL/CL)
吴阳	1.10	3.30	1.79	0.20	2.21	115.00	0.99
南三岛	1.22	3.20	1.83	0.24	2.32	120.00	0.99
东海岛	1.11	3.10	1.80	0.28	2.00	110.00	0.99
竹彩坪	0.90	3.40	1.71	0.18	2.40	135.00	0.89
新车港	0.67	3.10	1.59	0.17	0.30	200.00	0.97
前山	0.85	3.20	1.01	0.16	4.26	58.00	0.94
夏塘	0.85	3.20	0.89	0.17	4.40	55.00	0.98
赤坎	0.71	3.20	0.90	0.18	2.70	40.00	0.90
红磡湾	0.68	3.30	0.91	0.25	4.70	45.00	0.85
大塘	0.65	3.30	0.88	0.18	3.20	50.00	0.86
青安湾	0.60	3.60	0.82	0.18	2.50	60.00	0.76
白沙湾	0.52	3.60	0.82	0.19	3.50	52.00	0.87
角尾	0.70	2.50	1.27	0.31	6.30	24.00	0.98
东场港	0.78	2.60	1.31	0.28	5.40	25.00	0.86
流沙湾	0.91	2.80	1.76	0.16	5.40	25.00	0.78
新沟	0.66	3.10	1.82	0.18	4.00	45.00	0.74
企水湾	0.67	3.20	2.24	0.19	1.10	190.00	0.99
纪家	0.71	3.40	2.43	0.54	11.00	15.00	0.99
江洪肚	0.67	3.55	2.68	0.35	4.00	20.00	0.93
乐民	0.70	3.70	2.91	0.44	8.40	10.00	0.98
港门	0.69	3.71	3.16	0.54	12.60	16.00	0.95
长洪	0.70	3.86	3.41	0.61	13.00	20.00	0.95
南洪	0.69	3.86	3.52	0.81	11.00	20.00	0.98

海滩编号	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
Ω	5.98	6.54	6.21	1.78	2.58	1.84	1.68	1.77	1.73	1.74	1.65	1.63
RTR	2.06	2.28	2.23	5.48	17.00	5.21	4.55	6.01	5.64	4.22	5.66	5.45
K	1.54	1.67	1.54	1.32	1.05	2.10	2.39	1.97	1.87	1.85	1.83	1.59
海滩编号	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23
Ω	1.62	1.64	2.44	2.53	3.14	1.47	1.56	1.52	1.49	1.74	1.33
RTR	6.17	6.42	6.43	6.78	24.00	8.86	8.95	9.68	10.11	10.25	12.30
K	1.38	1.49	1.29	0.91	0.75	0.73	0.63	0.60	0.55	0.51	0.49