西双版纳地区雾的气候学特征及其影响因素

doi:10.11821/dlyj020190727

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用Man-Kendell趋势分析、突变分析及灰色关联分析方法,分析1961—2016年间西双版纳地区雾、气温、降水等气象观测资料,以认识西双版纳地区雾的气候学特征及其与气温和降水之间的相互影响和相互作用。结果显示,西双版纳地区的雾主要发生在旱季期间的清晨,年雾日数和年雾时长呈显著减少趋势,与区域降水不显著减少的趋势一致,与气温显著升高的趋势相反。西双版纳地区年降水量突变时间不显著,年雾日数和年雾时长的突变时间早于年均温突变时间,说明雾对西双版纳区域环境变化的响应较气温和降水更敏感,是指示区域环境变化的重要气象因子之一。西双版纳地区气温、降水和雾事件密切联系并相互影响：年均温、年降水量对年雾时长的影响低于年雾时长对二者的影响,年雾日数相对更容易受到气温和降水量变化的影响;年雾日数、年雾时长对年降水量的影响小于二者对年均温的影响,气温相对更容易受到雾事件的影响。降水减少和气温升高不利于雾的形成,可能是西双版纳地区年雾日数和年雾时长减少的原因。

关键词: 气温, 降水, 雾日数, 雾时长, 相互作用和相互影响, 西双版纳

Abstract:

This paper analyzed climatological characteristics of fog and its interaction with temperature and precipitation by methods of Man-Kendell trend analysis, abrupt change analysis and grey correlation analysis based on meteorological observations of fog, temperature, and precipitation from 1961 to 2016 in Xishaungbanna, southwest China. Results showed that, the fog mainly occurred in the early morning during the dry season in the study area. The frequency of annual fog days and annual cumulative duration of fog events decreased significantly at the significance level of 0.01, which was consistent with the insignificant decrease of precipitation, and opposite with the significant increase of temperature. The abrupt change time for annual fog days and cumulative duration of fog events were earlier than annual average temperature, but it was not obvious for annual precipitation, which suggested that fog was more sensitive to environmental changes than temperature and precipitation, and fog was one of the major indicators of environmental changes. Temperature, precipitation and fog events are closely related to each other in Xishuangbanna, which has less influences for the annual average temperature and annual precipitation on annual cumulative duration of fog than influences of annual cumulative duration of fog on annual average temperature and annual precipitation. The number of annual fog days was much affected by changes of temperature and precipitation. It has less influences for the annual fog days and annual cumulative duration of fog on annual precipitation than their influences on annual average temperature. The temperature was much affected by changes of fog events, and decreasing rainfall and rising temperature were not conductive to the formation of fog, which might result in a decrease of fog days and duration of fog events.

Key words: temperature, precipitation, fog days, duration of fog events, interaction, Xishuangbanna

彭海英, 史正涛, 童绍玉. 西双版纳地区雾的气候学特征及其影响因素[J]. 地理研究, 2020, 39(8): 1907-1919.

PENG Haiying, SHI Zhengtao, TONG Shaoyu. Climatological characteristics of fog and its influencing factors in Xishuangbanna[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2020, 39(8): 1907-1919.

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	气温			降水
	年均温（℃）	变异系数	Z值	年降水（mm）	变异系数	Z值
勐海	18.696±0.576	0.031	6.523^***	1321.695±168.599	0.130	-0.997
景洪	22.399±0.575	0.025	7.287^***	1155.837±185.267	0.148	-1.081
勐腊	21.538±0.540	0.024	7.668^***	1518.036±235.879	0.152	-0.304

	勐海		景洪		勐腊
	年雾日数	年雾时长	年雾日数	年雾时长	年雾日数	年雾时长
年降水	0.589	0.576	0.666	0.597	0.698	0.609
年均温	0.661	0.620	0.627	0.566	0.627	0.566

	勐海		景洪		勐腊
	年降水	年均温	年降水	年均温	年降水	年均温
年雾日数	0.589	0.613	0.592	0.567	0.613	0.643
年雾时长	0.604	0.636	0.594	0.582	0.611	0.625