地理要素在传统无形文化传承中的空间印迹——以山西省非物质文化遗产为例

doi:10.11821/dlyj020191072

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

传统无形文化传承受到地理环境的影响。基于山西1519项非物质文化遗产项目位置信息和DEM、气象、河流、人口、经济、古道等基础数据,以ArcGIS 10.3地形分析、缓冲区分析、时间成本距离等获取山西自然、经济、社会、历史地理环境的多维属性,并提取非遗点地理信息,采用非遗密度、区位商和地理探测器分析非遗分布对地理环境响应的差异。研究结论：① 自然地理环境对非遗分布起基础作用。非遗偏好低中海拔、坡度<5°、平原盆地台地、临河、10℃以上积温≥ 3000 ℃、年均降水量≥ 500 mm地区。② 在人文地理环境中,非遗对交通环境的响应最高。非遗集中分布在县级行政中心2 h、市级行政中心4 h公路通行圈。县/区人口越多,非遗越多;五成多非遗位于乡村。在人口超过50万的区县,非遗主要集聚于建成区;在人口小于20万的区县,大部分非遗则分散在乡村。非遗分布与地区经济相关性不明显,非遗高度集聚区位于古代高级政、商中心。③ 非遗对地理环境的响应具有要素综合性、尺度差异性和空间异质性。

关键词: 无形文化, 非物质文化遗产, 地理环境, 响应, 地理探测器

Abstract:

Geographical environment exerts profound influence on the location of traditional intangible culture. Based on 1519 intangible cultural heritages (ICHs) and geographical environment information such as DEM, meteorology, rivers, population, economic level, ancient road and others of Shanxi province, the distribution pattern of ICH was visualized with ArcGIS 10.3 kernel density, and the attributes of Shanxi's natural conditions, socioeconomic development and historical geographical environment were given in more detail by means of terrain analysis, buffer analysis and time cost distance on ArcGIS10.3. After extracting geographic information of ICHs, we analyzed the correlation of the distribution of ICHs and its geographical environment by the density, location quotient and geographical detector of ICHs. The conclusions can be drawn as follows. (1) The natural geographical environment has a basic effect on the distribution of ICHs. ICHs were collected in the areas with high bearing capacity of natural environment (low or medium elevation, slope <5°, plain or basin, near river, annual accumulated temperature over 10℃ (aat10) ≥3000℃, annual average precipitation ≥500 mm). (2) Considering the impact of geographical environment on human geography, the distribution of ICHs is more responsive to traffic than to population and economic development at county/district level. Firstly, ICHs were almost located in the county center within 2 hours and the city center within 4 hours. Secondly, the scale structure of ICHs of counties was consistent with its population pyramid. And, more than 50% of Shanxi's ICHs were located in rural areas. Specifically, when the population of a district was more than 500,000 or the population of a county was less than 200,000, there were much more ICHs. The differences in the number of ICHs were mainly due to the differences among urban, suburban and rural areas, which tended to be smaller with the decrease of population size. Thirdly, the spatial distribution of ICHs was only weakly related to the output value of the primary industry. The political geography and economic geography in the historical period and local history also influence the location of ICHs. The cities with the largest number of ICHs in Shanxi were all important political or business centers in the ancient times. (3) The spatial distribution of ICHs is related to the joint effect of various regional geographical factors. What's more, at different spatial scales or at different geographical locations, the responses of ICHs to geographical factors and their intensity are different.

Key words: intangible culture, intangible cultural heritage, geographical environment, response, geographical detector

王萍, 刘敏. 地理要素在传统无形文化传承中的空间印迹——以山西省非物质文化遗产为例[J]. 地理研究, 2020, 39(8): 1807-1821.

WANG Ping, LIU Min. The spatial influence of geography on the inheritance of traditional intangible culture: A case study of intangible cultural heritage in Shanxi province[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2020, 39(8): 1807-1821.

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道路				河流
高速	国道	省道	县道	一级	二级
5	10	12	30	1000	500
坡度(°)
<5	5~10	10~20	20~30	30~40	≥40
120	180	300	500	1000	1200
起伏度(m)
≥40	<34	34~68	68~100	100~150	150~200
1200	120	180	300	500	1000

人口规模（万人）	平均值（个）				最大值（个）				标准差
人口规模（万人）	建成区	郊区	乡村	小计	建成区	郊区	乡村	小计	建成区	郊区	乡村	小计
≥50	9.38	1.06	7.06	17.50	25	7	33	33	8.35	1.88	8.20	8.95
20~50	3.10	2.97	9.08	15.14	23	20	38	39	4.11	3.84	8.10	9.45
10~20	0.97	2.77	4.52	8.26	4	11	15	28	1.30	2.87	3.72	5.86
<10	0.17	1.17	3.50	4.83	1	3	6	7	0.41	1.17	2.17	1.47

人均GDP （万元）	平均值（个）				和（个）				标准差
人均GDP （万元）	建成区	郊区	乡村	小计	建成区	郊区	乡村	小计	建成区	郊区	乡村	小计
>5	4.84	3.44	8.83	13.56	92	62	212	366	5.47	3.15	7.55	9.81
3~5	4.45	3.47	7.38	12.03	98	59	192	349	3.76	3.32	6.78	8.29
2~3	5.73	4.45	6.03	13.06	126	98	181	405	7.69	4.42	5.13	9.16
<2	4.00	3.55	9.32	13.76	60	78	261	399	4.34	2.72	8.98	9.44
总计	4.82	3.76	7.83	13.09	376	297	846	1519	5.55	3.44	7.23	9.09

第一产业产值（亿元）	平均值（个）				和（个）				标准差
第一产业产值（亿元）	建成区	郊区	乡村	小计	建成区	郊区	乡村	小计	建成区	郊区	乡村	小计
>10	3.10	4.27	8.91	13.78	62	94	285	441	3.26	4.08	8.29	9.10
5~10	6.21	2.96	7.24	13.11	118	68	181	367	6.25	2.14	6.02	7.87
2~5	6.41	3.92	7.15	12.79	173	98	279	550	6.76	3.32	6.53	9.40
<2	1.92	4.11	8.42	12.38	23	37	101	161	1.16	4.83	9.06	11.22
总计	4.82	3.76	7.83	13.09	376	297	846	1519	5.55	3.44	7.23	9.09

	DEM	坡度	起伏度	年均降水量	地貌类型	距县级行政中心时距	距市级行政中心时距	人均GDP	第一产业产值	人口总量	河流 5 km缓冲区	明清古道5 km 缓冲区
山西	0.275^***	0.120^***	0.027^***		0.061^***	0.030^***	0.031^***		0.054^***	0.018^***	0.113^***	0.014^***
大同											0.186^***
朔州	0.139^***									0.077^**	0.387^***
忻州	0.717^***	0.271^***	0.112^*	0.036^***	0.194^**			0.049^**	0.257^***		0.157^***	0.082^***
太原	0.454^***	0.278^***			0.153^**			0.365^***	0.378^***	0.406^***	0.334^***	0.109^***
晋中	0.481^***	0.339^***	0.100^*		0.333		0.150		0.167^***	0.172^***	0.268^***	0.052^*
吕梁	0.577^***	0.379^***			0.368^*			0.100^**	0.198^*		0.099^*
阳泉	0.168^*							0.075^*	0.684^***	0.132^*	0.275^***	0.261^***
长治	0.208^***	0.211^***						0.051^**	0.130^***	0.149^*	0.186^***	0.192^***
晋城	0.302^***	0.212^***						0.115^*	0.088^**		0.157^***	0.059^***
临汾	0.495^***	0.327^***	0.085^*	0.019^***	0.177^**	0.105^*	0.092^*	0.308^***	0.360^***	0.064^*	0.155^***	0.074^***
运城		0.059^*						0.094^***	0.088^***	0.119^***	0.700^***