面向可持续发展目标的西部水土资源评估

doi:10.11821/dlyj020201092

地理研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 917-930.doi: 10.11821/dlyj020201092

面向可持续发展目标的西部水土资源评估

周伟¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), 沈镭¹^,³^,⁴(), 钟帅¹^,³^,⁴

1.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101
2.中国自然资源经济研究院,北京 101149
3.自然资源部资源环境承载力评价重点实验室,北京 101149
4.中国科学院大学,北京 100049

收稿日期:2020-11-11 接受日期:2021-08-24 出版日期:2022-03-10 发布日期:2022-05-10
通讯作者: 沈镭（1964-）,男,湖北麻城人,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事能源和矿产资源经济与政策、区域可持续发展研究。E-mail: shenl@igsnrr.ac.cn
作者简介:周伟（1989-）,男,山东临朐人,博士,副研究员,主要从事自然资源经济管理、资源生态研究。E-mail: zhouw.18b@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类XDA19040102);中华人民共和国科学技术部澜沧江-湄公河合作专项基金项目;国家自然科学基金面上项目(41771566);国家自然科学基金面上项目(42071281);自然资源部部门预算项目(121102000000200001);自然资源部部门预算项目(121102000000200002)

Assessment of land and water resources in Western China for the Sustainable Development Goals

ZHOU Wei¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), SHEN Lei¹^,³^,⁴(), ZHONG Shuai¹^,³^,⁴

1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
2. Chinese Academy of Natural Resources Economics, Beijing 101149, China
3. Key Laboratory of Carrying Capacity Assessment for Resource and Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 101149, China
4. University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2020-11-11 Accepted:2021-08-24 Published:2022-03-10 Online:2022-05-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新时代西部大开发要形成新格局,解决西部发展不平衡不充分的问题,就要提高西部水土资源的利用效率,走可持续发展的道路。计算水土资源承载能力和水土资源对可持续发展目标实现的贡献情况,对制定合理的资源开发策略支撑西部发展十分重要。本文从水土资源承载压力和水土资源对可持续发展目标实现的贡献两个方面构建西部水土资源评估体系,选取水土资源承载力评价、水土资源匹配度评价和水土资源可持续发展贡献评价方法,评估西部13个省份的水土资源承载压力、水土资源匹配度、水土资源可持续发展贡献状态和潜力。结果显示西部水土资源压力指数在0.44~0.98之间,低于全国平均水平。水土资源匹配度指数为1.66,高于全国平均水平。对比全国,西部水土资源可持续发展贡献指数为0.49,接近全国平均水平,可持续发展水平趋势向好,整体存在很大潜力,但不同省市内部差异较大,水土资源可持续发展需要提高水土资源的可持续利用管理水平。西部整体评估对西部大开发战略政策制定具有一定的借鉴意义,西部各省份水土资源状况评估结果可对西部水土资源利用政策制定提供一定参考。

关键词: 水土资源, 可持续发展目标, 承载能力, 水土匹配度, 西部大开发

Abstract:

In order to form a new pattern in the new era of Western Development and solve the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development in Western China, it is necessary to improve the utilization efficiency of land and water resources and take the road of sustainable development in the western region. It is critical to evaluate the carrying capacity of land and water resources and the contribution of land and water resources. To realize the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), it is of great significance to formulate reasonable resource development strategies to support the economic development of the western region. This paper constructs an evaluation system of land and water resources in Western China from two aspects: the carrying pressure of land and water resources, and the contribution of land and water resources to the realization of the SDGs. The evaluation model of land and water resources carrying capacity is selected to evaluate the carrying pressure of land and water resources in 13 provincial-level areas (hereafter provinces) of the western region. The matching coefficient of land and water resources is selected to evaluate the coordination degree of land and water resources in the 13 provinces. The contribution status and potential of land and water resources to sustainable development in the 13 provinces are evaluated by the contribution evaluation method of sustainable development of land and water resources. The results shows that the pressure index of land and water resources in the western region is between 0.44 and 0.98, lower than the national average. The matching index of land and water resources is 1.66, higher than the national average level. The contribution index of sustainable development of land and water resources in Western China is 0.49, close to the national average. The trend of sustainable development is good, and there is great potential on the whole, but there are great differences among provinces. Land and water resources development needs to improve the sustainable level of land and water resources management and utilization. The overall evaluation of the western region has certain reference significance for the formulation of strategic policies for the development of Western China. The evaluation results of land and water resources in the 13 provinces can provide some reference for formulating land and water resources utilization policies in the western region.

Key words: land and water resources, Sustainable Development Goals, carrying capacity, land and water matching degree, Western Development

周伟, 沈镭, 钟帅. 面向可持续发展目标的西部水土资源评估[J]. 地理研究, 2022, 41(3): 917-930.

ZHOU Wei, SHEN Lei, ZHONG Shuai. Assessment of land and water resources in Western China for the Sustainable Development Goals[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2022, 41(3): 917-930.

图/表 10

表1

西部大开发水土资源评估指标体系

评估内容	目标层	准则层	指标层	指标说明（+）为正向指标,（-）为负向指标
资源利用评估	资源保障	土地承载压力	农业用地承载压力指数	现状人口与耕地可承载人口的比值
			建设用地承载压力指数	现状人口与建设用地承载人口的比值
			生态用地承载压力指数	现状人口与生态用地承载人口的比值
		水资源承载压力	水资源承载压力指数	现状人口与水资源可承载人口的比值
	资源协调	水土资源协调	水土资源匹配度	单位面积耕地占有的水资源量
可持续发展贡献评估	零饥饿(SDG2)	2.1充足、安全的食物	耕地生产能力	单位面积耕地粮食产出平均量（+）
		2.3平等获得土地	人均耕地面积	人均耕地保有量（+）
		2.4可持续粮食生产体系	人均永久基本农田面积	人均永久基本农田面积（+）
	可持续发展城市和社区(SDG11)	11.1安全、适当的住房	人均建设用地面积	平均每人占有的建设用地总面积（+）
		11.2改善道路运输系统	人均交通用地面积	平均每人占有的交通用地（+）
		11.3可持续性城市建设	土地使用率与人口增长率的比值	城市建设用地开发强度与人口增长率的比值（+）
		11.7绿色公共空间	人均公园绿地面积	平均每人占有的公园绿地（+）
	陆地生态(SDG15)	15.1陆地生态保护	森林覆盖率	森林覆盖率（+）
		15.2森林可持续管理	森林管理投入	单位面积森林建设和保护投入（+）
		15.3防治荒漠化	土地荒漠化改善	土地荒漠化面积增长率（-）
		15.5栖息地保护	自然保护区比例	自然保护区占比土地总面积的比例（+）
	水资源和卫生(SDG6)	6.1安全充足的饮用水	人均水资源量	人均水资源占有量（+）
		6.3改善水质	水质优良比例	Ⅲ类以上水体比例（+）
		6.4a提高用水效率	用水效率	万元GDP用水量（-）
		6.4b可持续供应淡水	用水紧张程度	用水量占水资源总量的比例（-）
		6.6保护水生态系统	水域生态系统范围变化	水域面积增长率（+）

表1

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图8

图9

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面向可持续发展目标的西部水土资源评估

Assessment of land and water resources in Western China for the Sustainable Development Goals

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