成德绵地区政区位势与行政区经济耦合的时空演化与优化路径

doi:10.11821/dlyj020201240

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

行政区划作为国家治理体系的基础支撑,对区域经济发展具有重要影响。深入探究行政区划与区域经济的时空耦合关系与优化路径,有助于制定区域一体化发展政策。本文以成德绵地区为例,基于政区位势模型、行政区经济模型和位序规模理论,定量识别2005—2018年政区位势与行政区经济的耦合与空间演变,并从体制机制改革、行政区划调整等角度提出优化路径。研究表明：① 成德绵地区政区位势和行政区经济分别经历了“沿交通线轴向扩散”和“中心极化-中部辐射递减-外围塌陷”的演化过程。② 根据政区位势位序规模相对于行政区经济位序规模的耦合关系,将政区耦合类型划分为位势靠前、区划适应型,位势靠前、区划约束型,位势落后、区划适应型,位势落后、区划约束型。③ 研究区耦合类型表现为“位序落后型收缩-区划适应型增加-位势靠前型主导”的演变特征,位势靠前、区划约束型占比最高（45.0%）,市辖区和北部外围政区发展潜力大幅提升的同时,三市交界处行政区经济约束相对较强。成德绵地区作为中国西部地区的重要增长极,未来应结合不同政区类型的实际情况,通过增强政府间合作、充分利用中心城市的辐射带动效应、转变政府职能和审慎稳妥推行行政区划调整工作等方式,促进区域一体化和城市群经济高质量发展。

关键词: 行政区划, 区域一体化, 政区位势, 行政区经济, 耦合, 优化路径

Abstract:

As the basic support of the national governance system, administrative divisions have an important impact on regional economic development. An in-depth investigation into the spatiotemporal coupling between administrative divisions and regional economy and the optimization path can help formulate policies for integrated regional development. From the perspective of regional integration, based on the “Administrative Rank Potential Energy (ARPE)” model, the “Administrative Regional Economy (ARE)” model, and the theory of rank-size, this paper takes the Chengdu-Deyang-Mianyang (CDM) region as an example to identify the coupling relationship and mechanism between ARPE and ARE from 2005 to 2018, and tries to propose an optimization path from the perspectives of institutional mechanism and administrative division adjustment. The result shows that: (1) ARPE and ARE have undergone the evolution process of “spreading outward along the traffic line” and “central polarization-central to peripheral decline-peripheral collapse” respectively, with significant differences in development among the administrative regions. (2) According to the coupling relationship of ARPE rank-size with ARE rank-size, the coupling types of regions were classified as rank-advanced, administrative division-adapted; rank-advanced, administrative division-constrained; rank-backward, administrative division-adapted; rank-backward, administrative division-constrained. (3) The coupling type of the study area is characterized by the evolution of “contraction of rank-backward type/increase of administrative divisions/adapted type- dominance of rank/advanced type”, with the highest percentage of rank-backward, administrative division-adapted type (45.0%), and the development potential of the municipal districts and the northern peripheral region was greatly enhanced, while the ARE at the junction of the three cities is relatively strong. As an important growth pole in western China, the CDM should promote regional integration and high-quality economic development of urban agglomeration in the future by enhancing intergovernmental cooperation, making full use of the radiation effect of the central cities, transforming government functions, and implementing administrative division adjustment work prudently and steadily, considering the actual situation of different types.

Key words: administrative divisions, regional integration, Administrative Rank Potential Energy(ARPE), Administrative Regional Economy(ARE), coupling relationship, optimization path

冯润东, 王甫园, 王开泳. 成德绵地区政区位势与行政区经济耦合的时空演化与优化路径[J]. 地理研究, 2022, 41(2): 441-455.

FENG Rundong, WANG Fuyuan, WANG Kaiyong. Spatiotemporal evolution and optimization path of the coupling of administrative rank potential energy and administrative regional economy in Chengdu-Deyang-Mianyang region[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2022, 41(2): 441-455.

图/表 8

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表3

成德绵行政区划与区域发展耦合特征与优化路径

耦合类型	耦合特征	优化路径	举例
Ⅰ型	① 政区发展势能强劲,发展潜力大;② 政区在市场中的竞争力强,“行政区经济”对其自身发展的限制作用小;③ 政区市场开放度高,“行政区经济”对区域一体化的限制作用小,一体化程度高	① 优化行政管理体制,最大限度的发挥辐射带动作用;② 不宜进行大幅度或大范围的行政区划调整	青羊区、金牛区
Ⅱ型	① 政区发展势能强劲,发展潜力大;② 政区在市场中的竞争力强,“行政区经济”对其自身发展的限制作用较小;③ 政区开放度相对较低,资源等要素流动或产业发展受“行政区经济”的限制作用较强,一体化程度相对较低	① 促进行政管理体制机制创新,加强与周围政区的互联互通和政府间合作,积极转变政府职能,发挥市场的资源配置作用;② 谨慎、全面分析行政区划调整的需求与效能	中江县、江油市、金堂县等
Ⅲ型	① 政区发展势能弱,自身区位和社会经济发展条件相对有限;② 政区在市场中的竞争力弱,“行政区经济”对其自身发展和区域一体化的限制作用较小	① 借助中心城市的辐射带动效应,增强市场竞争力,充分发挥地区产业特色,吸引更多资源要素集中;② 审慎稳妥利用行政区划调整手段,刺激地方经济活力,提升行政管理水平,扩大中心城市资源要素疏解	青白江区、三台县、绵竹市等
Ⅳ型	① 行政管理体制和机制上的不完善,政区发展势能与市场发展活力两极化现象突出;② 政区开放度较低,“行政区经济”对其自身发展和区域一体化的限制作用大	① 完善相关制度,促进政府间合作交流;② 必要时科学合理利用行政区划调整手段,突破行政区划壁垒,在更高层次上优化城市空间结构,促进要素合理配置	新津县、广汉市等

表3

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目标层	一级指标	二级指标	数据与数据处理
政区位势	政区位能、势能	人口状况	常住人口密度
		经济实力	人均GDP
		经济实力	人均固定资产投资
		财政分权	人均财政支出、人均财政收入
		公共管理	公共管理和社会组织人数
		行政成本	一般性公共服务支出/财政支出
	区域一体化潜力	发展协同	人均可支配收入
			GDP增长率
			各县区职工平均工资相对于中位数的差值
		可达性	最短时间成本距离
行政区经济	政府掌控资源和生产要素以及从事经济活动的能力	经济实力	固定资产投资/GDP、国有单位固定资产投资
		土地支配	建成区面积
		财政分权	财政支出、财政收入、税收收入
		公共管理	每万人在校生数、每万人拥有医生数
		地区产业	工业生产总值、产业同构系数
	市场掌控资源和生产要素以及从事经济活动的能力	市场发展	私营企业税收、技术交易额*
			规模以上企业产值、社会消费品零售总额
			私营企业税收、非国有单位职工数/总职工数
			商品交易市场交易额、商品交易市场数量
			非公有制社会投资/总社会投资
			非国有企业工业生产总值/工业生产总值
			非国有单位职工数/总职工数
			民间投资规模、外资企业产值/企业总产值
		可达性	政府驻地的直线距离、最短时间成本距离

	区域整体				成都市				德阳市				绵阳市
	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ
2005年	2.9	37.1	40.0	20.0	5.0	35.0	45.0	15.0	0.0	16.7	33.3	50.0	0.0	55.6	33.3	11.1
2009年	2.9	54.3	31.4	11.4	5.0	35.0	40.0	20.0	0.0	66.7	33.3	0.0	0.0	88.9	11.1	0.0
2013年	8.6	34.3	40.0	17.1	15.0	25.0	45.0	15.0	0.0	50.0	16.7	33.3	0.0	44.4	44.4	11.1
2018年	8.6	54.3	22.9	14.2	15.0	40.0	25.0	20.0	0.0	66.7	16.7	16.7	0.0	77.8	22.2	0.0