权力-空间视角下城市文创旅游空间的生产与演化——以上海田子坊为例

doi:10.11821/dlyj020201265

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来,旧城更新形成的文化创意产业园向旅游目的地转型已成为普遍趋势。既有研究对文创园区和旅游地形成的空间生产机制有所挖掘,但对文创产业园旅游转向的内生性动力的认识有待深入。本文结合列斐伏尔的三元空间理论和福柯的权力空间思想,采用实地调研、深度访谈与半沉浸式观察相结合的综合方法,从宏观-微观互动的角度对田子坊文创旅游空间的生产和演化机制进行研究。结果表明：① 各行动主体基于社会关系和空间主权形成权力-空间关系;② 为实现增长的集体目标,城市政府引导了具有生产性逻辑的空间制度设计,并与微观行动者进行权力的分配与互动,形成空间规训和生产机制;③ 在表征的空间中,商户的日常生活实践通过多样化的服从与抵抗的能动性策略,形成差异化的微观空间生产,推动文创旅游的空间实践与演化。研究还针对文创园区旅游化进程中存在的问题提供了治理启示。

关键词: 权力-空间, 空间的生产, 文创旅游, 商业空间, 空间形态演化, 田子坊

Abstract:

In recent years, the Cultural and Creative Industrial Parks (CCIPs) formed by the urban renewal tends to be more attractive as tourism destinations. Previous studies have explored the spatial production mechanism of the formation of tourist destinations and CCIPs, which usually focused on the process of their transformation from original ecological communities to tourist destinations, and the process of the transformation of industrial heritage communities into CCIPs. Both of them have similar research perspectives as analyzing spatial production in terms of the "dominant-dominated" relationship between external forces (tourism or cultural and creative industries) and local residents. However, compared with tourism communities and CCIPs, the spatial production mechanism of cultural and creative tourism space involves more complex stakeholders and spatial relations. In order to have a deeper understanding of the endogenous driving force of CCIPs’ tourism-turn, we use a new framework. Based on Lefebvre's theory of the production of space and Foucault's idea of power and space, this paper takes Tianzifang of Shanghai as an example to study the production and morphological evolution mechanism of cultural and creative tourism space, which was transformed from the CCIP, from the perspective of macro-micro interaction by combining field investigation, qualitative interview and semi-immersion observation. The results show that: (1) Space sovereignty refers to the rights to use and dismantle physical space. Based on social relations, actors in Tianzifang have formed the relationship between power and space. (2) In order to achieve the collective goal of growth, the urban government guides the design of spatial system with productive logic, promotes the distribution and interaction of power among micro actors, and forms spatial discipline and production mechanism. (3) In the space of representation, differentiated microspace production takes shape in the everyday life practice of merchants through diversified obedience and resistance initiative strategies, which promotes the spatial practice and evolution of cultural tourism space. The study also provides governance enlightenment for the existing problems in the process of CCIPs' transformation into a tourism destination.

Key words: power space, spatial production, cultural and creative tourism, commercial space, spatial morphological evolution, Tianzifang

汪明峰, 周媛. 权力-空间视角下城市文创旅游空间的生产与演化——以上海田子坊为例[J]. 地理研究, 2022, 41(2): 373-289.

WANG Mingfeng, ZHOU Yuan. The production and evolution of urban cultural and creative tourism destination from the perspective of power space: A case study of Tianzifang, Shanghai[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2022, 41(2): 373-289.

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序号	性别	出生年代	职业
1	男	1970s	企业主
2	男	1960s	画家
3	女	1980s	画廊经营者
4	男	1980s	文创企业员工
5	男	1970s	陶艺师
6	男	1940s	招商咨询人员
7	男	1950s	画家
8	女	1990s	文创企业员工
9	男	1970s	旅游纪念品店店主
10	女	1990s	文创企业员工
11	女	1990s	饰品店员工
12	女	1990s	文创企业员工

商业类型		2008年		2013年		2019年
商业类型		数量(户)	占比(%)	数量(户)	占比(%)	数量(户)	占比(%)
文创商业	文化创意类	50	25.9	28	10.0	44	11.4
	工艺品类	60	31.1	77	27.5	94	24.3
	小计	110	57.0	105	37.5	138	35.7
快消商业	服饰饰品类	40	20.7	95	33.9	99	25.6
	餐饮食品类	41	21.2	52	18.6	100	25.8
	小计	81	42.0	147	52.5	199	51.4
旅游商业	旅游纪念品类	2	1.0	28	10.0	50	12.9
总计		193	100.0	280	100.0	387	100.0

对应发展阶段	时间	商业特征	空间特征
文化创意开发时期	1997—2008年	艺术工作室与画廊为主要商业	文化创意产业区为主
文创旅游萌芽时期	2009—2012年	“艺术+精品店+高端餐饮店”的商业开发模式占据主流	混杂于餐饮区和次要商业区
文创旅游主导时期	2013年至今	针对游客的餐饮、服饰饰品、旅游纪念品等快消商铺大量增加	餐饮区和商业区扩张,文创产业区退化

商业	具体类型	商品/服务	市场特征	消费者特征
共生型商业	文创工作室/个人	陶艺、画室、定制店	文化生产	上门客户、机构、长期指导
	文创企业	广告设计、文化传播、建筑设计、服装设计、摄影	商务合作	有稳定需求的企业/个人
	艺术机构	画廊、画展	拍卖销售	有一定财富且偏爱文化产品的人群
依附型商业	餐厅、饮品店、快消品	包装餐食、饮品、工艺小产品、文化创意衍生产品等	互相竞争;同质化、连锁化现象	外地游客的冲动消费