蒙古国植被对干旱响应的敏感性研究

doi:10.11821/dlyj020210105

地理研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (11): 3016-3028.doi: 10.11821/dlyj020210105

• 专栏：中蒙俄经济走廊资源环境与绿色发展 • 上一篇下一篇

蒙古国植被对干旱响应的敏感性研究

吕振涛¹^,²^,³^,⁵(), 李生宇¹^,²^,³^,⁵(), 彭中敏²^,⁵, 范敬龙¹^,²^,⁴^,⁵, 刘国军¹^,²^,³^,⁵, 王海峰¹^,²^,³^,⁵, 孟晓于¹^,²^,³^,⁵

1.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所国家荒漠–绿洲生态建设工程技术研究中心,乌鲁木齐 830011
2.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830011
3.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所莫索湾沙漠研究站,石河子 832000
4.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所塔克拉玛干沙漠研究站,库尔勒 841000
5.中国科学院大学,北京 100049

收稿日期:2021-02-07 接受日期:2021-04-19 出版日期:2021-11-10 发布日期:2022-01-10
通讯作者: 李生宇（1975-）,男,河北宣化人,博士,研究员,主要从事荒漠化防治研究。E-mail: oasis@ms.xjb.ac.cn
作者简介:吕振涛（1995-）,男,新疆乌鲁木齐市人,硕士,主要从事水土保持与荒漠化防治研究。E-mail: lvzhentao18@mails.ucas.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院A类战略性科技先导专项子课题(XDA20030202);国家重点研发计划政府间国际科技创新合作重点专项(2017YFE0109200);中国科学院关键技术人才项目

Sensitivity of vegetation responses to drought in Mongolia

LV Zhentao¹^,²^,³^,⁵(), LI Shengyu¹^,²^,³^,⁵(), PENG Zhongmin²^,⁵, FAN Jinglong¹^,²^,⁴^,⁵, LIU Guojun¹^,²^,³^,⁵, WANG Haifeng¹^,²^,³^,⁵, MENG Xiaoyu¹^,²^,³^,⁵

1. National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, CAS, Urumqi 830011, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, CAS, Urumqi 830011, China
3. Mosuowan Desert Research Station, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, CAS, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
4. Taklimakan Desert Research Station, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, CAS, Korla 841000, Xinjiang, China
5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2021-02-07 Accepted:2021-04-19 Published:2021-11-10 Online:2022-01-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文分析了蒙古国不同区域、不同土地覆被类型区的植被生长状况对干旱响应的敏感性特征,并探讨了成因。研究表明：① 2001—2019年,蒙古国虽然发生了3次较为严重的干旱事件,但整体上干旱程度呈轻微降低趋势,SPEI出现轻微上升,总体增速为0.001%/a;植被生长状况出现了好转,植被指数也呈上升趋势,总体增速为0.15%/a。② 蒙古国大部分区域植被生长受干旱影响较强,各植被指数与干旱指数呈较明显的正相关关系,在NDVI与SPEI-12的相关性分析中,正相关面积占比达76.36%;而在杭爱山脉和肯特山脉以北降水量丰沛的区域和阿尔泰山脉以南荒漠化严重和植被极为稀少区域,植被生长受干旱影响较弱,植被指数与SPEI相关性较小。③ 不同类型植被对干旱响应的敏感性也有差异,其中草地敏感性最强（0.22）,而森林敏感性最弱（-0.04）。④ 干旱持续时间长短,对植被生长影响有较大差异,蒙古国大部分区域的植被对延续3个月至半年的干旱最为敏感,而年内以7月份干旱对植被影响最强。⑤ 植被对干旱响应的敏感性实质是区域水分平衡的植被影响,对同种植被而言多年平均气温越高或降水量越少,植被对干旱响应的敏感性越强,反之则越弱。本文的研究结果对蒙古国因地制宜开展荒漠化防治具有重要参考价值。

关键词: SPEI, 干旱事件, 植被变化, 多时间尺度, 蒙古国

Abstract:

The lack of precipitation can affect vegetation growth, human’s lives and the economic and social development. In arid areas, drought is one of the natural conditions that affect the eco-environment and socio-economy. Based on the correlation between Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and the vegetation indexes, the sensitivity of vegetation in different regions and land cover types to drought in Mongolia was studied, and the causes were discussed. The results show that (1) Although there had been three drought events in Mongolia from 2001 to 2019, the overall drought degree showed a slight decreasing trend, and SPEI slightly increased, with an overall growth rate of 0.001%/a. Vegetation growth improved, and vegetation index also showed an upward trend, with an overall growth rate of 0.15%/a. (2) In most parts of Mongolia, the vegetation indexes were significantly positively correlated with SPEI. However, in the regions with abundant precipitation such as the north of the Khangai Mountains and Kent Mountains and the regions with very little precipitation such as the south of the Altay Mountains, the correlation between vegetation indexes and SPEI was small. This means that drought has less impact on vegetation in these areas. (3) The sensitivity of different vegetations to drought is also different. And the sensitivity of grassland was the strongest, while that of forest was the weakest. In terms of season, steppe and desert-steppe transition zone are most sensitive to spring and autumn drought, meadow steppe and mid-latitude forest are most sensitive to summer drought, and high-latitude forest is most sensitive to spring and winter drought. (4) In essence, the sensitivity of vegetation to drought represents the regional water balance. The higher the annual mean temperature or the lower the precipitation, the sensitivity and response of vegetation to drought, and vice versa. Water balance is the key condition that affects the sensitivity of vegetation to drought response. Annual mean temperature has positive effects on on the sensitivity of vegetation to drought response, while precipitation has negative ones. Vegetation types have different sensitivity to drought at different time scales and in different months. The results have an important reference value for desertification control in Mongolia according to local conditions.

Key words: SPEI, drought, change of vegetation, multi-time scale, Mongolia

吕振涛, 李生宇, 彭中敏, 范敬龙, 刘国军, 王海峰, 孟晓于. 蒙古国植被对干旱响应的敏感性研究[J]. 地理研究, 2021, 40(11): 3016-3028.

LV Zhentao, LI Shengyu, PENG Zhongmin, FAN Jinglong, LIU Guojun, WANG Haifeng, MENG Xiaoyu. Sensitivity of vegetation responses to drought in Mongolia[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2021, 40(11): 3016-3028.

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	SPEI-1	SPEI-3	SPEI-6	SPEI-9	SPEI-12	SPEI-24
4月	-0.261	-0.239	-0.225	0.130	0.196	0.167
5月	-0.010	-0.020	-0.005	0.135	0.220	0.135
6月	0.299	0.335	0.343	0.287	0.327	0.217
7月	0.399	0.492	0.470	0.384	0.373	0.266
8月	0.361	0.491	0.408	0.304	0.314	0.199
9月	0.208	0.389	0.323	0.246	0.234	0.125
10月	-0.062	0.165	0.181	0.112	0.113	0.084

蒙古国植被对干旱响应的敏感性研究

Sensitivity of vegetation responses to drought in Mongolia

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