地理研究

地理研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 698-712.doi: 10.11821/dlyj020210106

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

2004—2019年全球旅游流网络中心度时空演变

蒋依依1(), 刘焱序2(), 王宁1, 徐海滨3, 高洁1, 洪鹏飞1, 方琰1   

  1. 1.北京体育大学体育休闲与旅游学院,北京 100084
    2.北京师范大学地理科学学部,地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京 100875
    3.山东师范大学地理与环境学院,济南 250358
  • 收稿日期:2021-02-07 接受日期:2021-08-23 出版日期:2022-03-10 发布日期:2022-05-10
  • 通讯作者: 刘焱序（1988-）,男,陕西西安人,博士,讲师,研究方向为人地系统耦合与可持续发展。E-mail: yanxuliu@bnu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:蒋依依（1978-）,女,贵州贵阳人,博士,教授,研究方向为体育旅游与奥运遗产。E-mail: yiyijiangpku@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重点项目(21ATY001);国家自然科学基金青年项目(42001255);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2020M680448);北京体育大学高层次人才科研启动项目

The spatial dynamics of global inbound tourism network centrality during 2004-2019

JIANG Yiyi1(), LIU Yanxu2(), WANG Ning1, XU Haibin3, GAO Jie1, HONG Pengfei1, FANG Yan1   

  1. 1. School of Leisure Sports and Tourism, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
    2. State Key Laboratory of Land Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Department of Geographical Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
    3. College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
  • Received:2021-02-07 Accepted:2021-08-23 Published:2022-03-10 Online:2022-05-10

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摘要：

旅游流是社会网络关系的一种地域表现形式,国家（地区）之间旅游流网络中心度的差异可以被理解为国家（地区）之间一种不对称的社会活动相互作用关系。面对当前研究中存在的旅游流网络中心度刻画指标不清晰、时空规律不精确、影响因素不明朗等问题,本研究构建了5个网络中心度指标,并据此分析了全球各个国家（地区）入境旅游流总体特征与空间演化规律,识别了主要地理因素对旅游流规模的影响程度变化。结果发现：2004—2019年全球入境旅游流规模增长近一倍,亚洲地区之间旅游流规模快速提升;全球大多数国家（地区）旅游影响力、向心力和辐射力提升,中国各项旅游流网络中心度指标的提升速度均处于世界前列;多数中心度指标之间显著相关,其中约束力和辐射力与其他指标相关程度较低;地理邻近性对旅游流规模有显著且稳定的影响,人口规模不仅与亲和力等指标显著相关,并且对旅游流规模的影响程度在时间序列中显著提升。研究结果体现了中国入境旅游在全球旅游流网络结构中的持续向好态势和巨大发展潜力。

关键词: 旅游流, 网络中心度, 地理邻近性, 人口规模, 全球

Abstract:

Tourism flow is a typical indicator of the relationships in regional social networks. The difference in the centrality of tourism network among countries can be understood as an imbalanced interdependent relationship of social activities among countries. The research gaps of global tourism network centrality existed in unclear delineation index, imprecise spatiotemporal rule and unclear influencing factors. This study analyzed the overall characteristics of global inbound tourism flows among 208 countries and regions. Five centrality indexes were constructed in the analysis of spatiotemporal tourism network changes. The influences of main geographical factors on the change of tourism flow were identified. Four results were obtained as follows. First, the size of total global inbound tourism nearly doubled during 2004-2019, and the size of tourism flow among Asian countries and regions grew fast. Second, the Eigenvector centrality index, authority index and hub index of tourism in most countries and regions have been improved. The improvement rates of all of centrality indexes in China were at the leading level in the world. Third, most of the centrality indexes are significantly correlated, while there were relatively low correlations between constraint index or hub index and other indicators. Last, geographical proximity had a significant and stable impact on the size of tourism flows. The size of local population was significantly related to the centrality indexes such as affinity index, which exerted an increasing influence on the tourism flows in the time series. In conclusion, China's inbound tourism preformed a continuous competitive trend and a great potential for further development due to the structure of global tourism network centrality. At the same time, in the post-pandemic era, China’s international tourism market needs to focus on two aspects: enhance international exchanges in the fields of diplomacy, economy and trade, culture and sports; strengthen the Belt and Road construction, and consolidate the friendly relations between China and the countries (regions) along the route. Tourism should be regarded as a vital tool to promote “five connections” (policy communication, facilities link, smooth trade, financial integration, people-to-people) to enhance the “three unities” (community of interests, community of responsibility, community of destiny). Hopefully, high-quality development of the domestic tourism supply system with service boosting and innovation driving will ensure the vigorous and healthy development of domestic tourism.

Key words: tourism flow, network centrality, geographical proximity, population size, globe