地理研究

地理研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 34-45.doi: 10.11821/dlyj020210462

• “环境经济地理学的创新与发展”专辑 • 上一篇    下一篇

社会资本是否促进污染型企业退出?——来自中国城市的微观数据

翁鸿妹1,2(), 陈广平1,2, 王琛1,2()   

  1. 1. 浙江大学地球科学学院,杭州 310027
    2. 浙江大学地理与空间信息研究所,杭州 310027
  • 收稿日期:2021-06-01 接受日期:2021-12-06 出版日期:2022-01-10 发布日期:2022-03-10
  • 通讯作者: 王琛（1981-）,女,湖北天门人,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事区域产业和经济发展研究。E-mail: chencwang@zju.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:翁鸿妹（1998-）,女,福建莆田人,硕士,研究方向为资源环境与区域经济发展。E-mail: 22038022@zju.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41871106)

Does social capital promote the exit of polluting enterprises? Micro-level evidence from Chinese cities

WENG Hongmei1,2(), CHEN Guangping1,2, WANG Chen1,2()   

  1. 1. School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
    2. Institute for Geography & Spatial Information, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
  • Received:2021-06-01 Accepted:2021-12-06 Published:2022-01-10 Online:2022-03-10

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摘要：

污染型企业的区位选择、转移及其驱动机制研究是环境经济地理研究的热点话题。现有文献从正式制度的角度深入探讨了地方政府的环境规制对污染型企业进入退出、空间分布和产业转移的影响,相对忽视了地方社会资本如公众环保意识、企业环境责任等非正式制度因素对污染型企业区位选择的作用机制。本文基于2011年中国工业企业数据、中国综合社会调查（CGSS）以及城市统计年鉴等数据资料,从社会规范、社会网络和社会信任三方面构建中国城市尺度社会资本,利用二元logit回归模型探讨了社会资本与环境规制对中国污染型企业退出的影响。研究发现：① 环境规制对污染型企业退出的促进作用存在门槛效应。② 公众环保意识、企业环境责任作为社会规范因素,对污染型企业生存构成了外部非正式环境压力;但社会信任和社会网络并没有直接促进污染型企业退出。③ 社会资本在强环境规制地区中的交互作用显著,能够形成正式制度与非正式制度的良好互动。本研究从社会资本这一非正式制度的视角理解污染型企业退出的影响机制,不仅是对正式制度层面环境规制研究的补充,同时也对污染型企业的区位选择和地方政府环境治理政策的制定具有借鉴意义。

关键词: 污染型企业, 企业退出, 社会资本, 非正式制度, 环境规制

Abstract:

The research on location and relocation of polluting enterprises, including their associated mechanisms, is a hot topic in environmental economic geography, which has attracted extensive attention of scholars and policy makers. Existing studies have explored the influencing factors of local government environmental regulations on the entry and exit, spatial distribution and industrial transfer of polluting enterprises from the perspective of formal institutions, while relatively ignoring the role of informal institutional factors such as local social capital, residents’ environmental awareness and corporate environmental responsibility which also has a potential impact on enterprise exit. Based on the Chinese industrial enterprises data in 2011, China General Social Survey (CGSS) data and urban statistical yearbook data, this paper constructs China’s urban scale social capital from three aspects of social norms, social networks and social trust, and uses the binary logit regression model to explore the impact of social capital and environmental regulation on the exit of Chinese polluting enterprises. The results show that:(1) The role of environmental regulation has been verified with a threshold effect in the promotion of environmental regulation on the exit of polluting enterprises. (2) Social normative factors, such as public environmental awareness and corporate environmental responsibility, constitute external informal environmental pressure on the survival of polluting enterprises and positively support the exit of polluting enterprises; However, social trust and social network have no direct and significant effect on polluting enterprises as expected. (3) Interactive model shows that social capital has a positive interaction with environmental regulation in area with high environmental regulation, which can form a positive relation between formal and informal systems. Such relation constitutes a strong driving force for polluting enterprises withdraw from the local market. This study suggests that informal institutional environment has an important impact on the survival of polluting enterprises and there are rich interactive activities with environmental regulation. The present study explains influence mechanism of polluting enterprises exit from the perspective of social capital, which complements the existing research on environmental regulation from the informal institutional aspect. Meanwhile, it provides a practical reference for the sustainable operation of polluting enterprises and the formulation of environmental governance policies.

Key words: polluting enterprise, firms exit, social capital, informal institution, environmental regulation