珠三角城市群地区都市农业功能演变及其协同-权衡关系

doi:10.11821/dlyj020210654

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以珠三角城市群地区的县（区）为研究单元,从生产供给、经济发展、社会保障和生态保育四个维度构建都市农业功能评价指标体系,利用熵值法、时空差异诊断模型、Spearman秩相关系数法和双变量局部空间自相关模型等对2005年、2012年和2019年珠三角地区都市农业多维功能演变及协同-权衡关系进行测度。结果表明：① 2005—2019年,珠三角地区都市农业的生产供给、经济发展和社会保障功能均值先下降后上升而生态保育功能反之;生产供给和生态保育功能总体呈现稳定的外部较强而中心偏弱的空间格局,经济发展和社会保障功能的空间分布格局变化较大。② 时间上,2005年珠三角都市农业经济发展功能较其他功能相对独立发展,2012年功能之间权衡关系显现,2019年各功能之间以协同关系为主;空间上,珠三角地区都市农业生态保育功能与其他三项功能的协同-权衡关系较为稳定,社会保障功能与生产供给、经济发展功能的协同-权衡关系较为稳定。③ 都市农业功能演变及协同-权衡关系发展具有阶段性特征,大致呈现“相互独立/低位协同-相互权衡-高位协同”的演化规律。

关键词: 都市农业, 农业多功能, 农业去中心化, 协同与权衡, 珠三角城市群

Abstract:

Urban-rural integration is a new demand for the development of urban-rural relations, and urban agriculture is a new format for coordinating the development of urban-rural integration. Its functional evolution and collaboration/trade-off relationship are worthy of attention. Constructing an evaluation index system from four dimensions of production supply, economic development, social security and ecological conservation, and using entropy weight method, spatio-temporal differences identifying model, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient method and bivariate local spatial autocorrelation model, this study comprehensively evaluated the multifunctional evolution and collaboration/trade-off relationship of urban agriculture at the county level in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) urban agglomeration from 2000 to 2015. The main results are as follows: (1) From 2000 to 2019, the average value of the production supply, economic development and social security functions of urban agriculture decreased first and then increased, while that of the ecological conservation function went the other way in the PRD urban agglomeration. The production supply and ecological conservation functions presented a stable spatial pattern with strong externality and weak centre, while the spatial distribution pattern of economic development and social security functions changed greatly. (2) In terms of temporal pattern, urban agricultural economic development functions developed relatively independently compared with other functions in 2005, the trade-off relationship among functions appeared in 2012, the collaboration between functions was the main relationship in 2019. As for spatial pattern, the collaboration/trade-off relationship between urban agricultural ecological conservation function and the other three functions are relatively stable, and the collaboration/trade-off relationship between urban agricultural social security, production supply and economic development function are relatively stable in the study area. (3) Functional evolution and collaboration/trade-off relationship of urban agriculture are characterized by stages, and the evolution law is "mutual independence/low level collaboration—mutual trade-off—high level collaboration". By revealing the spatio-temporal evolution pattern of multi-functional trade-offs and synergies of urban agriculture in the PRDelta urban agglomeration, and summarizing the internal logic mechanism and phased law of its evolution, the paper aims to provide scientific support for the coordinated development of agricultural multi-functional development and green development in metropolitan areas.

Key words: urban agriculture, agricultural multifunction, agricultural decentralization, collaboration/trade-off, Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration

杨忍, 刘芮彤. 珠三角城市群地区都市农业功能演变及其协同-权衡关系[J]. 地理研究, 2022, 41(7): 1995-2015.

YANG Ren, LIU Ruitong. Functional evolution and collaboration/trade-off relationship of urban agriculture in the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2022, 41(7): 1995-2015.

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功能	评价指标	测算方法	正/逆	权重
生产供给功能	垦殖指数	年末实有耕地面积/土地面积	+	0.1008
	单位面积农作物产量	（粮食+花生+瓜类+蔬菜）总产量/年末实有耕地面积	+	0.1118
	人均粮食占有量	粮食产量/常住人口数量	+	0.3171
	人均水果及蔬菜占有量	（水果+蔬菜）总产量/常住人口数量	+	0.2161
	人均肉类、奶类及禽蛋占有量	（肉类+奶类+禽蛋）总产量/常住人口数量	+	0.2542
经济发展功能	土地产出率	农林牧渔业总产值/年末实有耕地面积	+	0.5222
	农林牧渔业总产值占比	农林牧渔业总产值/地区生产总值	+	0.2055
	农村居民人均收入水平	农村居民人均纯收入	+	0.0986
	农业产业化发展水平	省级/国家级现代农业产业园数量农业产业强镇数量农业产业化国家重点龙头企业数量农业型专业村数量	+	0.1737
社会保障功能	就业结构水平	农林牧渔从业人数/就业人数	+	0.2643
	农业现代化水平	农村用电量	+	0.4637
	旅游业发展水平	省级/国家级休闲农业和乡村旅游示范镇/示范点数量广东农业公园数量	+	0.2720
生态保育功能	森林覆盖率	林地面积/土地面积	+	0.6283
	地均生态服务价值	生态系统服务价值总量/土地面积	+	0.2059
	化肥施用强度	化肥施用量/年末实有耕地面积	-	0.0573
	农药施用强度	农药使用量/年末实有耕地面积	-	0.1085

年份	生产供给功能值特征				五类型生产供给功能值的区县数量（个）
年份	均值	中位数	全距	标准差	0.00~0.13	0.13~0.26	0.26~0.39	0.39~0.52	0.52~0.65
2005	0.2456	0.2730	0.5977	0.1736	16	7	13	7	4
2012	0.2064	0.1999	0.5775	0.1704	21	8	10	6	2
2019	0.2270	0.1505	0.6464	0.2010	22	6	8	5	6

年份	经济发展功能值特征				五类型生产供给功能值的区县数量（个）
年份	均值	中位数	全距	标准差	0.00~0.13	0.13~0.26	0.26~0.39	0.39~0.52	0.52~0.65
2005	0.1397	0.1090	0.5661	0.1241	27	16	1	1	2
2012	0.0882	0.0542	0.6194	0.1054	37	9	0	0	1
2019	0.1284	0.1015	0.5872	0.0958	32	13	1	0	1

年份	社会保障功能值特征				五类型生产供给功能值的区县数量（个）
年份	均值	中位数	全距	标准差	0.00~0.15	0.15~0.30	0.30~0.45	0.45~0.60	0.60~0.75
2005	0.1249	0.1205	0.4742	0.0944	29	17	0	1	0
2012	0.0695	0.0322	0.4903	0.1043	41	4	0	2	0
2019	0.1396	0.1015	0.7367	0.1359	28	15	3	0	1

年份	生态保育功能值特征				五类型生产供给功能值的区县数量（个）
年份	均值	中位数	全距	标准差	0.18~0.27	0.27~0.44	0.44~0.61	0.61~0.78	0.78~0.95
2005	0.5218	0.5676	0.7549	0.2129	7	13	6	15	6
2012	0.5530	0.5493	0.7413	0.2119	6	10	11	15	5
2019	0.5470	0.5472	0.7537	0.2178	7	10	10	13	7