关键词: 时间利用, 工作活动, 生活活动, 休闲活动, 中国

Abstract: As a measurement unit of human life, time can directly reflect the using situation of resident activities. In 2008, The National Bureau of Statistics carried out the first survey of time using conditions in ten provinces (municipality), namely, Beijing, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Zhejiang, Anhui, Henan, Guangdong, Sichuan, Yunnan and Gansu. The paper classified residents' daily activities into three categories as work, living and leisure. Based on the statistics of the survey, the paper analyzed the influences of gender, age, career and income on the time using of the residents through the comparative study of four countries of China, USA, Japan and New Zealand. It also analyzed the ways to build mathematical models between the three categories. The conclusions are drawn as follows. (1) The leisure time of Chinese residents especially men was much shorter compared to that of residents in developed countries such as the USA. (2) The most important influencing factors of time using of residents were age and income, while with the increasing age, the time spent on work, living and leisure of residents presented the changing patterns of "Reverse U", "N" and "V". The income of residents was closely related to careers, which affected the ways of time using. The residents spend the longest time on working and shortest time on leisure while their monthly income was in a range of 0-500 yuan. With the increase of income, the working time of residents' decreased, and when their income exceeded 2000 yuan, the time spent on work increased again. (3) There was a significant difference between Chinese urban and rural residents in time using. Urban residents enjoyed more leisure time and plentiful leisure activities. (4) Working time was negatively related to living and leisure time. Furthermore, most residents had common living styles.

Key words: time use, work activities, life activities, leisure activities