地理研究

地理研究 ›› 2013, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (9): 1737-1746.doi: 10.11821/dlyj201309015

• 旅游地理 • 上一篇    下一篇

闲暇时间约束对中山陵景区国内客源市场空间结构的影响

刘泽华1, 顾宗欣1, 王楠楠1,2, 李海涛3, 顾江卉4   

  1. 1. 南京大学国土资源与旅游学系, 南京210093;
    2. 南京大学金陵学院, 南京210089;
    3. 阿尔贝塔大学再生资源系, 加拿大爱德蒙顿T6G2H1;
    4. 南京市中山陵园管理局, 南京210014
  • 收稿日期:2012-08-08 修回日期:2013-04-10 出版日期:2013-09-10 发布日期:2013-09-10
  • 作者简介:刘泽华(1979-),男,山东苍山人,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为旅游地理学、旅游统计学。E-mail:liuzehua_tourism@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41001070)

The influence of leisure time constraint on spatial structure of domestic tourist market of Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum

LIU Zehua1, GU Zongxin1, WANG Nannan1,2, LI Haitao3, GU Jianghui4   

  1. 1. Department of Land Resource and Tourism Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;
    2. School of Jinling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210089, China;
    3. Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G2H1, Canada;
    4. Administration Bureau of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum Scenic Area, Nanjing 210014, China
  • Received:2012-08-08 Revised:2013-04-10 Online:2013-09-10 Published:2013-09-10

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摘要： 闲暇时间是旅游需求得以实现的必要条件之一,居民闲暇时间的变化必然对旅游地客源市场空间结构产生影响。选择"五一"小长假、"十一"黄金周及暑假3类6个不同闲暇时长的时段,基于现场问卷调研,使用客源地地理集中指数、客源吸引半径、距离衰减曲线及引力模型研究闲暇时间约束对南京市中山陵景区客源市场空间结构的影响,发现随着假日时长的增加,居民出游距离受闲暇时间的约束降低,从而旅游地客源吸引半径增大,客源地集中指数降低、距离衰减曲线变缓、距离衰减指数降低。研究结果表明,在不同时长的闲暇时间约束下,距离因素对景区客流量的影响最大,其次为收入(客源地人均地区生产总值),而客源地人口规模因素的影响最小。

关键词: 闲暇时间约束, 国内客源市场, 空间结构, 距离衰减, 引力模型, 中山陵景区

Abstract: Leisure time is the primary factor that influences tourist behaviours. With the development of tourism industry and more research done on this topic, it is critical to understand the influence of leisure time on spatial structure of tourist market. However, little research has been made in this field. China has five three-day-long national holidays, including the New Year's Day, the Tomb-sweeping Day, the "Labor Day", the Dragon Boat Festival, and the Mid-autumn Festival, and two seven-day-long golden weeks, the Spring Festival and the National Day. Teachers and the students have another two vacations: winter vacation and summer vacation. The variation of holiday time provides a possibility to study the influence of leisure time constraint on spatial structure of domestic tourist market. This research examines 18026 questionnaires collected at the Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum in Nanjing, which are 6 data sets with 3 different types of leisure time: "Labour Day" in 2008 and 2009, "National Day" in 2007 and 2008, and summer vacation in 2008 and 2009. Several indexes are used to analyze the questionnaire, including spatial concentration index (SCI) of tourist origins, attraction radius (AR), distance decay curve, and gravity model. The spatial structure of domestic tourist market differs by the length of leisure time. Tourists prefer a short trip with a short leisure time, such as the three-day-long Labour Day, and tourist origins are concentrated. The spatial concentration index (SCI) in Labour Day in 2008 and 2009 are 44.24 and 40.89, 201.76 km and 204.94 km for the attraction radius (AR), 1.349 and 1.472 for the distance decay index, respectively. Tourists will extend trip distance once the time constraint reduces. For example, tourist origins spread widely during the National Day and summer vacation. The portion of long distance tourist is increased, and consequently, attraction radius enlarged, spatial concentration index (SCI) reduced, distance decay curve smoothed. For the "National Day" in 2007 and 2008, and summer vacation in 2008 and 2009, the spatial concentration index (SCI) is 43.58, 34.61, 28.76 and 29.98, while the attraction radius (AR) is 223.87 km, 281.51 km, 552.36 km and 454.42 km, and distance decay index is 0.990, 1.325, 0.828 and 0.812, respectively. Among these factors, population, incoming, and distance, geographic distance has more influence on tourist flows than the other two factors, followed by income; populations has the least influence. However, our research indicates that population at tourist origins or tourists' income neither enhances nor declines their influences on tourist volume when leisure time increases.

Key words: leisure time constraint, domestic tourist market, spatial structure, distance decay, gravity model