广东惠州黄洞水库沉积物特征及其反映的近50年土壤侵蚀意义

doi:10.11821/dlyj201404005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在广东省东南部惠州市的黄洞水库中取得沉积物柱芯，对其样品做了²¹⁰Pb 和¹³⁷Cs 比活度分析、粒度分析和孢粉及炭屑分析，并收集了这一水库邻近气象站的降水数据，计算了1960 年以来的年降水量、夏季（6-9 月）降水量和24 小时暴雨量。利用上述²¹⁰Pb和¹³⁷Cs比活度分析结果建立了沉积物剖面的年代框架，结合孢粉浓度、炭屑浓度与降水量计算结果，对沉积剖面的粒度变化做出了解译，并初步推测1960-2009 年间水库所在流域的土壤侵蚀变化情况及其原因。研究表明，在该亚热带丘陵地区植被覆盖度较高的自然条件下，侵蚀作用对降水量波动和植被（尤其是乔木、灌木等木本植物）覆盖度变化的响应十分灵敏，水库沉积物的粒度变化在一定程度上可以反映流域内土壤侵蚀相对强度的变化。

关键词: 广东惠州, 黄洞水库, 沉积物, 土壤侵蚀

Abstract: Sediment cores were obtained from Huangdong Reservoir in Huizhou City, southeast of Guangdong Province. Specific activity analysis of ²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs, particle-size analysis, pollen and charcoal analysis were conducted on specimens of this sediment sequence. In addition, precipitation data were collected from a nearby meteorological station and annual precipitation, summer (June-September) precipitation and 24 hours' torrential rain volume were calculated for the period since 1960 based on the collected data. A chronological framework was established for the sediment sequence using results of the specific activity analysis of ²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs. Based on the pollen and charcoal concentration and precipitation data, the particle-size variations of this sediment sequence were interpreted, and the causes for soil erosion in the catchment of this reservoir during 1960-2009 were preliminarily inferred. The results showed that the response of soil erosion to fluctuations of precipitation and changes in vegetation coverage (especially trees and shrubs) in the catchment was very sensitive in the high vegetation coverage conditions of subtropical hilly areas. Moreover, the particle-size variations of reservoir-sediments can reflect the changes of relative intensity in soil erosion to some extent.

Key words: Huizhou, Guangdong Province, Huangdong Reservoir, sediment, soil erosion

张晴华, 王红亚, 徐琳, 郑卓, 杨士雄, 陈效逑. 广东惠州黄洞水库沉积物特征及其反映的近50年土壤侵蚀意义[J]. 地理研究, 2014, 33(4): 643-653.

ZHANG Qinghua, WANG Hongya, XU Lin, ZHENG Zhuo, YANG Shixiong, CHEN Xiaoqiu. Characteristics of sediment from Huangdong Reservoir in Huizhou, Guangdong Province and their implications on soil erosion during the past 50 years[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2014, 33(4): 643-653.

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