都市农业景观破碎化过程对生态系统服务价值的影响——以西安市为例

doi:10.11821/dlyj201406010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用西安市土地利用解译图及社会经济数据，在界定都市农业景观的前提下，分析西安市都市农业景观破碎化过程，在此基础上分析都市农业景观破碎化对生态系统服务价值的影响。结果表明：① 1999-2011 年，西安市都市农业景观的斑块密度、分离度指数增加，都市农业景观呈破碎化趋势；② 都市农业景观分离度与都市农业生态系统服务总价值及各项价值均呈较强的负相关关系；破碎化过程中废物处理及土壤形成价值减少量最大，同时食物生产价值减少率最大，减少了12.73%，娱乐文化减少的价值量及减少率最小，为1.93%；③ 耕地、林地、水域呈景观破碎化趋势，而园地聚集度上升，同时耕地、林地、水域的生态系统服务价值下降，园地生态系统服务价值增加。

关键词: 都市农业景观, 破碎化过程, 生态系统服务, 西安市

Abstract: With a case study of Xi'an city, the landscape patterns of urban agriculture and the process of landscape fragmentation were analyzed from the perspective of time and space. Furthermore the relationship between the process of urban agricultural landscape fragmentation and the agro-ecosystem services provided by urban agriculture, and the impact of landscape changes of urban agriculture on its ecosystem services were studied. This research work enriches and improves the theories of urban agriculture from the view of landscape ecology, and provides the recommendation for government agencies on the land resources conservation and its utilization of urban agriculture and the decision-making of the eco-environmental protection and regional ecological security in Xi'an city. Based on the Landsat data, land use map and statistical data in Xi'an city, the concept of urban agricultural landscape was defined and the changes of the landscape pattern, the processes of landscape fragmentation of urban agriculture and its effects on agro-ecosystem services were also researched by employing the landscape indices, the coefficient analysis and the spatial analyst methods. The results showed that: (1) The patch density of urban agriculture landscape increases from 0.84 to 4.64 and the separation index rises from 0.15 to 0.76 in Xi'an city, the patch density and splitting index of urban agricultural landscape shows an increasing trend, and the fragmentation of urban agricultural landscape is obvious during the period 1999-2011. (2) There are strongly negative correlation between the isolation of urban agricultural landscape and the total value or partial value of ecosystem services of urban agro-ecosystem; The maximum decrease of the ecosystem services value is the waste disposal and soil formation service, while the maximum rate reduction is the value of food production service, down by 12.73%, and the minimum reduction is the value of entertainment culture service, by 1.93% in the process of agricultural landscape fragmentation. (3) The landscape of arable land, forest, water are fragmentized insignificantly, and the value of ecosystem services provided by the arable land, forest and water have a decline, while the aggregation of orchard rises, and the ecosystem services value provided by orchard increase from 1999 to 2011. During this period the low value zone of ecosystem services expands from urban to suburban areas. However, the fragmentation degree of urban agricultural landscape is lower in the suburbs than that in urban areas, which is in coincidence with the decrease of ecosystem services value provided by urban agro-ecosystem from suburban to urban areas.

Key words: urban agricultural landscape, fragmentation process, ecosystem services, Xi'an city

王云, 周忠学, 郭钟哲. 都市农业景观破碎化过程对生态系统服务价值的影响——以西安市为例[J]. 地理研究, 2014, 33(6): 1097-1105.

WANG Yun, ZHOU Zhongxue, GUO Zhongzhe. Impact of the urban agricultural landscape fragmentation on ecosystem services：A case study of Xi'an City[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2014, 33(6): 1097-1105.

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