中国城乡发展转型衡量及其类型研究—以环渤海地区为例

doi:10.11821/dlyj201409001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

界定了城乡发展转型的概念,从形态转型与功能转型角度,构建了县域城乡发展转型衡量模型并划分其驱动类型。结果显示：环渤海地区21.41%的区县城乡转型较为剧烈,主要分布在河北北部的山地丘陵地区、高原,鲁西南、鲁西北以及辽宁东北部的长白山地区。转型缓和的区县占该地区区县总数的32.42%,主要分布在北京市、天津市、秦皇岛市、沈阳市、大连市、烟台市、青岛市和济南市的主城区核心地带及近郊区。东北的辽河平原地区,河北南部、东部地区,山东半岛的大部分地区以及渤海湾地区城乡转型程度属于中度,占区县总数的46.18%。剧烈转型区县的驱动力以三次产业均衡发展及商旅服务业发展为主（占该类型区县的84.29%）,转型缓和区县驱动力类型为均衡发展型及农业主导型（76.41%）,城乡转型中度的区县,其驱动力主要为均衡发展型与工业主导型（76.16%）。转型剧烈的区县在城镇化、非农就业以及非农产业发展方面具有较低的初始水平。然而,由于较强的后发优势,在2000-2011年间,剧烈转型的区县在以上三方面经历了快速的发展,明显领先于城乡转型中度以及缓和的区县。最后提出了当前城乡发展转型领域亟待加强重要研究内容。

关键词: 城镇化, 要素集聚, 城乡发展转型, 环渤海地区, 中国

Abstract:

The paper identifies the concept of urban-rural development transformation (URDT) and creates the assessment model of URDT at the county level in the Bohai Rim. The findings show that 21.41% of the counties in the Bohai Rim experienced fast transformation in the research period, including counties in the north of Hebei Province, southwest and northwest of Shandong Province, northeast of Liaoning Province. 32.42% of the counties in the study area belong to the type of slow transformation, consisting of counties at the core urban areas of Beijing, Tianjin, Qin Huangdao, Shenyang, Dalian, Yantai, Qingdao and Jinan. The left counties in the Bohai Rim belong to the type of medium transformation. The balanced industrial development and business & service development are the main driving forces to 84.29% of the fast transformation counties. 76.41% of the slow transformation counties have the balanced industrial development and agricultural development as their main driving forces while 76.16% of the medium transformation counties were driven by the balanced industrial development and industrial development. Fast transformation counties experienced low initial level of urbanization, non-agricultural employment and non-agricultural industrial development, and fastest development of all these aspects than that in the medium and slow transformation counties in the period 2000-2011. Finally, the paper indicates the important research content in the field of urban-rural transformation in the future.

Key words: urbanization, elements agglomeration, urban-rural development transformation, Bohai Rim, China

李玉恒, 陈聪, 刘彦随. 中国城乡发展转型衡量及其类型研究—以环渤海地区为例[J]. 地理研究, 2014, 33(9): 1595-1602.

Yuheng LI, Cong CHEN, Yansui LIU. Assessment and classification of urban-rural development transformation in china:the study of Bohai Rim[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2014, 33(9): 1595-1602.

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指标类型	2000年			2011年			年均增速			耕地变化率
指标类型	人口城镇化率	非农就业率	非农产值比重	人口城镇化率	非农就业率	非农产值比重	人口城镇化率	非农就业率	非农产值比重	耕地变化率
缓和	30.43	77.81	78.69	29.77	78.56	82.53	-2.18	0.97	4.87	-0.32
中度	23.52	74.43	76.69	27.29	80.65	85.31	16.05	8.36	11.23	0.64
剧烈	22.77	67.2	68.74	28.38	80.69	84.19	24.63	20.07	22.47	1.36

		农业主导	工业主导	商旅服务主导	均衡发展
剧烈转型	区县个数	6	5	20	39
剧烈转型	百分比（%）	8.57	7.14	28.57	55.72
缓和转型	区县个数	25	14	11	56
缓和转型	百分比（%）	23.58	13.21	10.38	52.83
中度转型	区县个数	19	29	17	86
中度转型	百分比（%）	12.58	19.21	11.26	56.95