基于DEA模型和Malmquist生产率指数的上海市开发区用地效率及其变化

doi:10.11821/dlyj201409005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选取21个市级以上开发区为研究样本,基于单位土地面积上投入和产出指标,利用DEA模型和Malmquist生产率指数,探究2006-2011年上海市开发区整体和不同类型用地效率及其变化。研究发现：开发区用地综合效率处在一般水平,大多数开发区仍处在规模收益递增阶段,规模效率是影响开发区用地综合效率提高的主要因素;从分类特征看,国家级开发区用地效率明显高于市级开发区,市级开发区用地效率偏低是导致整体开发区用地效率不高的主要原因;从时间序列看,近郊区开发区用地效率要略高于远郊区并仍处于一般水平;“独立园区”模式的综合效率和纯技术效率均高于“一区多园”模式。用地效率变化趋势分析发现整体及不同类型生产率指数平均值均大于1,生产率呈增长趋势,市级高于国家级、近郊区高于远郊区、“独立园区”模式高于“一区多园”模式,技术变化对Malmquist生产率指数提升贡献较大,除国家级技术效率变化受规模效率下降影响外,其他类型更多的是受纯技术效率下降的影响。

关键词: 开发区, DEA模型, Malmquist生产率指数, 用地效率

Abstract:

Twenty-one municipal level or above development zones are selected for the study samples. Employing DEA model and Malmquist productivity index, the overall and different type land use efficiencies of development zones in Shanghai and their changes during 2006-2011 are examined based on the input and output indicators per unit land area. The authors find that the overall efficiency of development zones is just at a general level, most of development zones are still in the stage of increasing returns to scale, and the scale efficiency of development zone is the major impacting factor of the increase of overall efficiency. From the perspective of classification characteristics, land use efficiency of national-level development zones is significantly higher than that of municipal-level development zones, and the low land use efficiency of municipal-level development zones is the major cause of the low overall land efficiency of development zone. From the perspective of time series, land use efficiency of development zones of the inner suburbs is slightly higher than that of the outer suburbs and both are still at a general level. The overall efficiency and pure technical efficiency of ‘independent park’ mode development zones are higher than those of ‘one zone with many parks’ mode development zones. The change trend of land use efficiency indicates that the average productivity indexes of overall and different types are greater than 1 and the productivities present a growing trend, and which of municipal level is greater than that of national level, which of the inner suburbs is greater than that of the outer suburbs, which of ‘independence park’ mode is greater than that of ‘one zone with many parks’ mode. Technical improvement makes a greater contribution to ascending Malmquist productivity index. Except that technical efficiency change of national level development zones is affected by the decline of scale efficiency, which of other types are more impacted by the decline of pure technical efficiency.

Key words: development zone, DEA model, Malmquist productivity index, land use efficiency

王贺封, 石忆邵, 尹昌应. 基于DEA模型和Malmquist生产率指数的上海市开发区用地效率及其变化[J]. 地理研究, 2014, 33(9): 1636-1646.

Hefeng WANG, Yishao SHI, Changying YIN. Land use efficiencies and their changes of Shanghai’s development zones employing DEA model and Malmquist productivity index[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2014, 33(9): 1636-1646.

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年份	级别	综合效率	纯技术效率	规模效率	规模报酬增减开发区个数
年份	级别	综合效率	纯技术效率	规模效率	递增（irs）	递减（drs）	不变（-）	合计
2006	国家级	1.000	1.000	1.000	0	0	4	4
	市级	0.523	0.827	0.621	16	0	1	17
	全市	0.614	0.86	0.693	16	0	5	21
2007	国家级	1.000	1.000	1.000	0	0	4	4
	市级	0.570	0.799	0.707	15	0	2	17
	全市	0.652	0.837	0.763	15	0	6	21
2008	国家级	1.000	1.000	1.000	0	0	4	4
	市级	0.600	0.901	0.663	16	0	1	17
	全市	0.676	0.92	0.727	16	0	5	21
2009	国家级	0.974	0.993	0.980	0	1	3	4
	市级	0.564	0.677	0.833	12	3	2	17
	全市	0.642	0.737	0.861	12	4	5	21
2010	国家级	1.000	1.000	1.000	0	0	4	4
	市级	0.715	0.819	0.856	9	1	7	17
	全市	0.769	0.853	0.883	9	1	11	21
2011	国家级	0.990	1.000	0.990	0	1	3	4
	市级	0.571	0.730	0.774	12	2	3	17
	全市	0.651	0.782	0.815	12	3	6	21

年份	区域	综合效率	纯技术效率	规模效率	园区模式	综合效率	纯技术效率	规模效率
2006	近郊区	0.554	0.833	0.650	独立园区	0.628	0.890	0.697
2006	远郊区	0.644	0.876	0.711	一区多园	0.600	0.832	0.690
2007	近郊区	0.675	0.862	0.765	独立园区	0.673	0.888	0.747
2007	远郊区	0.585	0.789	0.734	一区多园	0.632	0.791	0.778
2008	近郊区	0.673	0.908	0.730	独立园区	0.734	0.981	0.743
2008	远郊区	0.643	0.925	0.692	一区多园	0.623	0.864	0.712
2009	近郊区	0.648	0.732	0.868	独立园区	0.717	0.825	0.862
2009	远郊区	0.594	0.715	0.837	一区多园	0.573	0.657	0.860
2010	近郊区	0.751	0.830	0.877	独立园区	0.770	0.876	0.860
2010	远郊区	0.765	0.865	0.877	一区多园	0.768	0.832	0.904
2011	近郊区	0.687	0.780	0.867	独立园区	0.657	0.824	0.779
2011	远郊区	0.571	0.760	0.735	一区多园	0.645	0.743	0.848

年份	技术效率变化（effch）	技术变化（techch）	纯技术效率变化(pech)	规模效率变化（sech）	Malmquist生产率指数（tfpch）
2006-2007	1.114	1.253	0.964	1.156	1.396
2007-2008	1.037	0.950	1.119	0.927	0.985
2008-2009	0.945	1.165	0.760	1.243	1.100
2009-2010	1.210	0.969	1.181	1.025	1.173
2010-2011	0.825	1.348	0.910	0.907	1.112
平均值	1.017	1.126	0.975	1.043	1.146

类型	技术效率变化（effch）	技术变化（techch）	纯技术效率变化(pech)	规模效率变化（sech）	Malmquist生产率指数（tfpch）
国家级	0.998	1.114	1.000	0.998	1.112
市级	1.026	1.132	0.972	1.057	1.159
近郊区	1.057	1.120	0.982	1.080	1.184
远郊区	0.979	1.156	0.969	1.011	1.130
独立园区	1.018	1.144	0.982	1.037	1.163
一区多园	1.023	1.114	0.973	1.055	1.139
全市	1.017	1.126	0.975	1.043	1.146