论乡村聚居空间结构优化模式——RROD模式

doi:10.11821/dlyj201409012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文受启于TOD理论与实践在城市地域空间结构优化过程中所发挥的重要作用,借鉴以往乡村聚居单元规模与空间结构研究成果,试图提炼出一种乡村聚居空间结构优化模式——乡村公路导向发展模式（Rural Road-Oriented Development Model,简称RROD模式）,并针对概念内涵、构建原则、框架、类型、空间尺度等进行系统分析。同时,重点从设施门槛、耕作半径、邻里交往以及出行距离感知等方面对RROD合理规模与结构进行了综合论证,认为RROD规模半径一般取值范围为450-700m,人口规模一般取值范围为1500-3500人,占地面积一般取值范围为30-75hm²,距离一般取值范围为3.5-5.0km。但由于该取值范围是基于均质地域及一般发展条件假设,其结论具有一般理论指导性,但在具体实践过程中,必须根据实际情况进行适当调整与修正。

关键词: 乡村聚居, 乡村公路导向发展模式（RROD模式）, 空间尺度, 空间结构, TOD理论

Abstract:

Inspired by the TOD important role in the theory and practice of urban spatial structure optimization process, learning from rural settlements unit size and spatial structure research, this article try to build a new spatial structure of rural settlement patterns—Rural Road-Oriented Development, and systematically analyze on the concept of meaning, construction principles, frameworks, type, spatial scales, etc. Simultaneously, this article demonstrate the reasonable size and structure RROD unit focus from the facility threshold, farming radius, neighborhood association and the travel distance perception. This article considers the general radius of the unit range from 450m to 700m, population size range from 1500m to 3500m people, covering general range from 30 hm²to 75 hm², distance general range from 3.5km to 5.0km. However, due to the geographical ranges based on homogeneous and general development conditions assumptions, this conclusion has a general theoretical guidance. So, in practice, the ranges should be properly adjusted and modified according to the actual situation.

Key words: rural settlement, RROD, spatial scales, spatial structure, TOD theory

贺艳华, 唐承丽, 周国华, 曾山山, 李莉, 钟婷. 论乡村聚居空间结构优化模式——RROD模式[J]. 地理研究, 2014, 33(9): 1716-1727.

Yanhua HE, Chengli TANG, Guohua ZHOU, Shanshan ZENG, li LI, ting ZHONG. The new model of the spatial structure of rural settlements—RROD[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2014, 33(9): 1716-1727.

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单元类型	功能构成	用地结构	空间组织
传统农业型	居住功能组团+综合功能组团	居住用地与农业生产用地比重相对较大	居住功能组团规模一般,约5-6个,有机分布于农地之间
现代农业型	居住功能组团+综合功能组团	农业生产服务用地比重相对较大	居住功能组团规模相对较大,约3-4个,农业生产基地化
工农混合型	居住功能组团+工业生产组团+综合功能组团	居住用地比重略小,工业生产用地比重增加	工业生产组团约1-2个,与居住组团分离
乡村旅游型	居住功能组团+休闲观光功能组团+综合功能组团（含居住、旅游服务、公共服务等功能）	公共服务、商业用地比重相对较大,部分农业用地转化或兼顾休闲观光功能	1-2个居住功能组团相对独立布置,3-4个休闲观光与综合功能组团通过人性化游线串联
综合服务型	居住功能组团+综合功能组团+其他特殊功能组团	商业及其他特色产业用地比重较大,农业用地比重较小	各类型组团分布较为集中,功能混合特征明显,农业用地分布于外围区域

交通方式	步行	自行车	公交车
速度范围( km/h)	4-5	8-15	10-25
速度取值( km/h)	5	10	20

影响因子		空间尺度参数取值
		RROD规模			RROD距离（km）
		规模半径（m）	人口规模（个）	占地面积（hm²）	RROD距离（km）
邻里交往		350-620	1000-3000	20-60	---------
距离感知		400-800	1250-5000	25-100	≤5.0
耕作半径		---------	---------	---------	2R+2.5—2R+7.5
设施门槛	小学	420-1000	1400-7500	28-150	---------
	医疗所	450-800	1600-5000	32-100	---------
	综合商店	400-800	1315-5000	25-100	---------
综合取值		450-620	1600-3000	32-60	3.4-5.0
最终合理取值范围		450-700	1500-3500	30-75	3.5-5.0

	规模半径（m）	占地规模（hm²）	人口规模（个）
中心RROD	600-700	60-75	3000-3500
一般RROD	500-599	40-59	2000-2999
基层RROD	450-499	30-39	1500-1999

参数	平原地区	丘陵地区	山区
RROD规模尺度	1.00	0.97	0.50
RROD距离尺度	1.00	0.94	1.33