地理研究

地理研究 ›› 2014, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (9): 1747-1757.doi: 10.11821/dlyj201409015

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国家级风景名胜区空间分布特征研究

吴佳雨   

  1. 北京大学城市与环境学院,北京 100871
  • 收稿日期:2013-12-26 修回日期:2014-06-07 出版日期:2014-09-20 发布日期:2014-09-20
  • 作者简介:

    作者简介：吴佳雨（1989- ）,内蒙古乌海人,博士研究生,研究方向为遗产地理与风景园林遗产。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目（41171431）

Study on spatial distribution characteristics of Chinese National Parks

Jiayu WU   

  1. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
  • Received:2013-12-26 Revised:2014-06-07 Online:2014-09-20 Published:2014-09-20

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摘要：

国家级风景名胜区是我国自然和文化遗产的重要载体。本文基于风景名胜区类型的多样性和区域地理条件与历史脉络差异性,借助ArcGIS等分析工具,以全国尺度对国家级风景名胜区空间分布特征进行分析,结果表明：国家级风景名胜区整体呈凝聚状态,以自然特点为主和以人文特点为主的风景名胜区分布状态不同。国家级风景名胜区在自然地理要素中的空间分布特征有：集中分布在地表水域周边,与地貌特征和地质构造成因有密切关系、倾向于分布在植被种类丰富的区域;国家级风景名胜区在人文地理要素中的空间分布特征有：国家级风景名胜区按类别均质分布在文化地理区划的副区中,集中分布在交通可达性较好的区域,尤其在古代重要城市周边聚集,而与当代经济发展水平没有关系。

关键词: 风景名胜区, 空间分布, 自然地理要素, 人文地理要素

Abstract:

：National Parks are important carrier of Chinese natural and cultural heritages. By taking as many as 225 National Parks in China as the study object, the paper, considering diversified typology of National Parks and dissimilarity of their historic context and regional geographical condition, mainly initiates analysis on the spatial distribution characteristics with the aid of analytical platform like ArcGIS and various quantitative statistical methods, such as Nearest Neighbor Index (NNI), Chi - square test, cost weighted distance method, Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test and so on. By the above means, national scale spatial distribution characteristics of National Parks in China were investigated. The results can be obtained as follows: National Parks present an overall condensed state in China, while nature dominance and culture dominance take on different spatial distributing state. The spatial distribution characteristics of National Parks in correlation to physical geography elements are as follows: first, 88.89% of National parks in China embody a concentrated distribution nearby surface water area (rivers, lakes and oceans). Second, the distribution of National Parks in China has a close relation with geomorphic feature and geologic structure and tends to cluster at the geomorphologic ladder belt and has little connection with terrain and mountain peak. Third, National Parks tends to locate at the area with wide variety of vegetation. The spatial distribution characteristics of National Parks in correlation to elements of humanity geography are as follows: first, National Parks homogeneously distribute in the subregions of culture geographical area in accordance with different types, for examples, four holy mountains of Chinese Buddhism and four holy mountains of Chinese Taoism locate at different subregions. Second, National Parks concentrate in the areas with better accessibility, with average arrival time by land transport 75 min and by aerial transport 96.7 min. More than 1/3 National Parks and 40% National Parks with culture dominance cluster at the range of 100 km around ancient important cities. Third, the spatial distribution of National Parks does not have directly connection with the level of modern economic development, but depend on national investment and construction.

Key words: national park, spatial distribution, elements of physical geography, elements of humanity geography