地理研究

地理研究 ›› 2014, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (9): 1778-1790.doi: 10.11821/dlyj201409018

• • 上一篇    

明清时期浙江沿海自然灾害的时空分异特征研究

曹罗丹1,2(), 李加林1,2,3(), 叶持跃1, 徐谅慧1, 袁麒翔1, 王明月1, 马仁锋1, 黄大鹏4   

  1. 1.宁波大学城市科学系,宁波315211
    2.宁波大学浙江省海洋文化与经济研究中心,宁波315211
    3.南佛罗里达大学,坦帕33620
    4. 国家气候中心, 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2013-12-05 修回日期:2014-06-02 出版日期:2014-09-20 发布日期:2014-09-20
  • 作者简介:

    作者简介：曹罗丹（1990-）,女,河南人,硕士生,主要从事洪涝灾害遥感监测研究,E-mail:caoluodan@qq.com

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(41171073、41101517);浙江省科技厅公益项目(2010C33155);浙江省自然科学基金(Y5110321);浙江省社科规划项目(12JDHY01Z、13JDHY01Z);宁波市自然科学基金(No.2010A610105);浙江省大学生新苗人才计划（2012R405070）;宁波大学研究生优秀学位论文培育基金（PY2012018）;宁波大学研究生科研创新基金（G12JA02）

Spatial-temporal variations in natural disasters of the coastal regions in Zhejiang Province during Ming and Qing Dynasties

Luodan CAO1,2(), Jialin LI1,2,3(), Chiyue YE1, Lianghui XU1, Qixiang YUAN1, Mingyue WANG1, Renfeng MA1, Dapeng HUANG4   

  1. 1. Department of scientific research of the urban,Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
    2. Ocean culture and economic research center,Zhejiang province, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
    3. Department of geography, University of South Florida, Tampa 33620, USA
    4. National Climate Center, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2013-12-05 Revised:2014-06-02 Online:2014-09-20 Published:2014-09-20

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被引次数

9

摘要：

明清小冰期是我国气候的异常期,各种自然灾害频发。通过系统搜集、整理明清时期浙江沿海地区自然灾害历史资料并对其进行统计分析发现,浙江省沿海地区各种自然灾害发生频次和造成的损失具有明显的时空地域分异特征,得到如下特征：①明清时期,随着时间推移,各种灾害发生频次成波动上升的趋势,在明末清初达到一个高峰值;在浙江沿海地区的各种灾害中,水、旱两灾的发生最为频繁,水灾发生频次高于旱灾。②水灾、旱灾、台风和潮灾是该地区的主要灾害类型,台风与水灾、潮灾之间是高度相关的,且台风灾害是浙江沿海地区的主要致灾因子,台风灾害诱发的灾害链具有波及面广、危害严重的特点。旱灾和水灾具有显著的相关性,在该地区水、旱两灾在时间尺度上的变化相对一致,这种现象可能是副高季节内振荡所导致的。③浙江省自然灾害发生频次和损失程度与地貌形态之间具有一定的联系。以平原、丘陵及低山等地貌类型为主的孕灾环境对浙江沿海地区水灾、旱灾、台风灾害和风暴潮灾等4种主要自然灾害类型及其损失的空间分布有着显著的影响。浙北地区水旱灾害变化剧烈,浙中、浙南地区相对较弱。杭州湾地区台风灾害的分布具有湾口多于湾顶,南岸多于北岸的特点。④从灾害损失的空间格局来看,特大损失程度灾害的主要类型为潮灾,且集中分布在浙北平原,浙南山地和浙东南平原丘陵分布较少。

关键词: 浙江沿海, 自然灾害, 时空分异特征, 明清时期

Abstract:

The “little ice ages” of Ming and Qing Dynasties were anomalies in the history of Chinese climate because various natural disasters occurred frequently. Therefore, we aim to make quantitative and systematical analysis in natural disasters of the coastal regions in Zhejiang Province during the two dynasties, through searching and collecting relative historical documents. The results show that the occurrence frequencies of natural disasters and losses in the coastal regions of Zhejiang Province had clear variation characteristics in the spatial-temporal space, and the characteristics can be summarized into the following: ① the occurrence frequency of natural disasters increased over time with small fluctuations, and it reached a peak value in the last Ming and early Qing dynasties. Flood and drought occurred most frequently among all natural disasters including typhoon, flood, drought and tide, and especially flood had higher occurrence than the drought. ② As a major contributor to natural disasters in coastal regions of Zhejiang Province, typhoon had strong correlations with flood and tide disasters, and its disaster chains then spread widely and cause serious damages. Drought and flood had evident inter-correlation changed in the same direction when using the same time scale. The explanation for that are potential fluctuations in subtropical high pressure within the same season. ③ The occurrence frequency and losses of natural disasters related closely with the topographical characteristics. Especially, the disaster-bearing topographical environments such as plain, hilly and low-mountains had significant effect on the spatial distributions of four major natural disasters including flood, drought, typhoon and tide in the coastal regions of Zhejiang Province. The Northern Zhejiang Province suffered seriously from the drought and tide disasters whereas the both disasters became weak in the Middle and South regions of Zhejiang Province. Moreover, the typhoon in Hangzhou Bay always occurred in the mouth area rather than its peak area, and the occurrence in the south bank was higher than the north bank. ④ The tide disaster brought about greatest losses among all the disasters, and it was mainly distributed in the plain of Northern Zhejiang and was less distributed in either the mountain areas of Southern Zhejiang and plain-hills of Southeast Zhejiang.

Key words: coastal regions of Zhejiang Province, natural disasters, spatial-temporal variation characteristics, Ming and Qing Dynasties