河漫滩相沉积与风成沉积粒度判别函数的建立及在红土中应用

doi:10.11821/dlyj201410006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以长江南通段、婺江金华段的河漫滩沉积物和洛川、新疆昭苏的马兰黄土为训练样本,推导出河漫滩相沉积与风成沉积粒度的Fisher判别函数,并用启东河漫滩沉积物、南京下蜀黄土和伊犁马兰黄土对判别函数进行验证。第四纪红土的判别结果显示：新余、南平等地红土具有典型河漫滩沉积特征;长沙、金华、南昌、九江等地红土即具有风成又具有河漫滩沉积的特征,且风成沉积特征随着纬度减小及地形起伏增加而减小。结合现代降尘的粒度组成推测,中亚热带网纹红土的物质来源有近源也有远源。近源组分为来自附近河漫滩泛滥平原沉积物的风力二次搬运,在沉积后依旧保留了河漫滩沉积的大部分粒度特征;远源组分可能与黄土类似,由冬季风从北方物源区搬运而来。

关键词: 第四纪红土, 粒度特征, 判别分析

Abstract:

In recent years, increasing interest has been focused on the Quaternary Red Clay (QRC) in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The QRC profiles generally contain two parts, the Xiashu Loess(XSL) or Homogeneous Red Clay (HRC) on the topside and the Vermicular Red Clay (VRC) below. The provenance of the QRC was discussed furiously. Some scholars believed that Xuancheng, Jiujiang, and Jinhua etc. share the similar characteristics with the XSL, which may originate from aeolian dust deposit. But the others believed that the QRC in Jinhua and Changsha etc. was deposited by flood. Because of these arguments, this paper collected the QRC samples from Jiujiang (JJ), Jiangxi province; Jinhua (TX), Zhejiang province; Changsha (CS), Hunan province; Nanchang (NC), Jiangxi province; Xinyu (XY) Jiangxi province; Nanping (NP), Fujiang province.Discriminant analysis is a usual method in statistical analysis; it can be used to identify the objects in two groups, and have been widely applied. In this paper, the two groups of training samples were floodplain deposits (FPD) from Nantong (NT) and Jinhua (TG), aeolian dust deposits (ADD) of Malan Loess from Luochuan (LC) and Yili (ZS); the testing samples contained the QRC, FPD in Qidong (QD), Xiashu Leoss from Nanjing (XG) and Malan Loess from Zeketai (ZKT). The discriminate results of QRC were complicated. The samples from NP were all identified as ADD; the samples from JJ, NC, TX and CS were identified as both FPD and ADD. On the topside of the QRC profile, the XSL and HRC were always identified as ADD, and the VRC at the bottom of the profile were not only FPD but also ADD.The identification result of QRC suggests that the provenances of QRC from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are not only floodplains but also aeolian dust deposits. The north plains of Yangtze River are the dominant dust sources for the QRC which are identified as FPD. The QRC which is identified as ADD is deposited by the winter monsoon, and the aeolian characteristics decreased with latitude reduction and terrain fluctuation.

Key words: quaternary red clay, characteristics of grain size, discriminant analysis

杨立辉, 叶玮, 郑祥民, 苏优. 河漫滩相沉积与风成沉积粒度判别函数的建立及在红土中应用[J]. 地理研究, 2014, 33(10): 1848-1856.

Lihui YANG, Wei YE, Xiangmin ZHENG, You SU. The discriminant function with grain size of floodplain and aeolian sediments and its application in the quaternary red clay[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2014, 33(10): 1848-1856.

图/表 11

图1

表1

沉积物剖面记录"

编号	地点	坐标	样品数量	野外描述
ZS	新疆伊犁昭苏	42°58.05′N, 81°29.12′E	20	浅黄色黄土,疏松多孔,无层理,结构均匀,不含砾石。
LC	陕西洛川	35°44.07′N, 109°26.11′E	57	马兰黄土,剖面高290 cm。浅灰黄色,质地疏松,以粉砂为主,孔隙度较大,质地均匀,垂直节理发育。
ZKT	新疆伊犁则克台	43°31.00′N, 83°08.57′E	215	黄色黄土,疏松多孔,无层理,结构均匀,不含砾石。剖面高215 cm。发育三层古土壤。
XG	江苏南京新港大道	32°09.722′N, 118°53.301′E	80	下蜀黄土,黄棕色,质地均匀,疏松,剖面高420 cm,可划分为四层黄土与古土壤层。
NT	江苏南通	32°04.53′N, 120°42.48′E	32	河漫滩沉积,柱样高64 cm,共可分六层,粉砂与粗粉砂交替。
TG	浙江金华通济桥	29°21.617′N, 119°42.573′E	9	河漫滩相沉积,粗粉砂,颜色为土黄色,颜色均一,质地疏松。
QD	江苏启东	32°01.58′N, 121°43.39′E	44	河漫滩相沉积,含较多粗粉砂,疏松,土黄色,深90 cm岩柱。
TX	浙江金华汤溪	29°02.943′N, 119°24.579′E	147	第四纪网纹红土,上部为红棕色均质红土层,下部为紫红色网纹红土层,质地均匀。
CS	湖南长沙	28°07.424′N, 112°56.593′E	60	第一层黄棕色土层,厚110 cm;第二层黄色土,厚55 cm;第三层黄红色网纹红土层,厚约60 cm;第四层为紫红色网纹红土层,网纹粗大,白色,基质为紫红色。
JJ	江西九江	29º42.034΄N 116º01.702΄E	920	剖面高18 m,可分5层,第一层为现代土壤层,质地较松,厚度较薄,约5 cm;第二层为黄土层;第三层为红色古土壤层;第四层为黄色土层;第五层为发育弱网纹;第六层为紫红色网纹红土层。
NC	江西南昌	28°38.124′N, 115°48.822′E	29	第一层均质红土层,厚150 cm;第二层紫红色网纹红土层,厚250 cm;第三层黄红色网纹红土层,厚200 cm。
XY	江西新余	27°48.522′N, 114°54.362′E	29	第一层为弱发育网纹红土,厚约110 cm;第二层为浅紫色网纹红土层,厚约80 cm;第三层为网纹化砾石层,砾石直径1~2 cm,厚约40 cm;第四层为黄红色弱发育网纹红土层,有大量砾石,厚约90 cm。
NP	福建南平	26°37.977′N, 118°12.56′E	30	第一层红土,厚100 cm,有粒状团聚体和植物根系;第二层厚190 cm,有块状团结构。

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图2

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表9

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	Wilks' Lambda	F	df1	df2
Mz	0.792	27.914	1	106
Sd	0.808	25.191	1	106
Sk	0.793	27.640	1	106
Kg	0.757	34.077	1	106

Boxe's M	F
Boxe's M	近似Approx	df1	df2	Sig.
393.053	37.563	10	33501.010	0.000

变量	组别
变量	分类函数1	分类函数2
Mz	171.222	170.673
Sd	616.316	672.373
Sk	-82.621	-82.242
Kg	3252.797	3414.969
（常量）	-3193.422	-3515.928