京奉铁路之历史地理研究(1881-1912年)

doi:10.11821/dlyj201411017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

京奉铁路是近代中国第一条干线铁路,全长840 km,起始于1881年的唐胥铁路建设,经历许多波折,兴建时间长达31年,可以视为近代中国铁路发展的缩影。在中国近代化的过程之中,近代交通的发展受到守旧派的阻力相当巨大,其中铁路建设阻力更大。京奉铁路从清帝国首都北京修筑至陪都盛京,并非一帆风顺,而是在各种错综复杂的因素影响下艰难分段延展。在地理空间的展布上,京奉铁路的路线走向受到多种因素的影响,其中包含政治因素、军事因素、经济因素、地理因素、风俗习惯等。本研究将藉助GIS,对相关区域旧版大比例尺地形图(包含战前日本所制的地形图在内)做定位与套迭,取得旧日铁路路线、城垣、河道、皇家苑囿等地理信息进行分析,探讨影响京奉铁路路线与各种因素的关系。在地图资料之外,本研究将与其他的文字史料相互参照,以分析在唐山—胥各庄段、北京附近、以及奉天附近三个研究区域里,前述各种因素对京奉铁路发展上的影响。

关键词: 京奉铁路, 历史地理, 地形图, GIS, 铁路史

Abstract:

Peking-Mukden Railway, which was 840 kilometers long, was the first railway in China. It took 31 years to build this railway, starting from the construction of Tangshan-Xugezhuang Railway in 1881. It could be taken as a microcosm of modern China's railway development. In the process of Chinese modernization, the development of modern transportation encountered huge resistance from the conservative force, so did the railway construction. Peking-Mukden Railway was extended section by section from Peking, the capital of the Qing Empire to the alternative capital Mukden. On the distribution of geographical space, the route trend of Peking-Mukden Railway was affected by many factors, including political, military, economic and geographic conditions as well as social customs. The research, with the aid of GIS, will position and overlap the related original old topographic maps (including the prewar topographic maps made by Japan) at a large scale, abstract the geographic information of the old railway lines, city walls, canals, royal hunting ground, and discuss the relationship between the railway development and various factors. In addition to the map materials, the study will compare with other historical data and examine the influence of the aforementioned factors on the development of Peking-Mukden Railway.

Key words: Peking-Mukden Railway, historical geography, topographic maps, GIS, railway history

黄清琦, 陈喜波. 京奉铁路之历史地理研究(1881-1912年)[J]. 地理研究, 2014, 33(11): 2180-2194.

Chingchi HUANG, Xibo CHEN. A historical geography research of Peking-Mukden Railway under the vision of modernization (1881-1912)[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2014, 33(11): 2180-2194.

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