黄土高原中东部沙尘与非沙尘天气花粉组成及来源范围

doi:10.11821/dlyj201412014

地理研究 ›› 2014, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12): 2367-2381.doi: 10.11821/dlyj201412014

黄土高原中东部沙尘与非沙尘天气花粉组成及来源范围

李月从^1,²(), 许清海^2,³, 葛亚汶^1,², 李英^1,², 吕素青^1,², 曹现勇^1,^2,^4,⁵, 田芳^4,⁵, 郝利生⁶

1. 河北师范大学资源与环境科学学院, 石家庄 050024
2. 河北省环境演变与生态建设实验室, 石家庄 050024
3. 河北师范大学泥河湾研究院, 石家庄 050024
4. 艾尔弗雷德魏格纳极地和海洋研究所, 波茨坦 14473, 德国
5. 波茨坦大学地球科学部, 波茨坦 14476, 德国
6. 河北省气候中心, 石家庄 050021

收稿日期:2014-06-05 修回日期:2014-09-21 出版日期:2014-12-10 发布日期:2014-12-10
作者简介:
作者简介：李月从(1966- ),女,河北石家庄人,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事孢粉与全球变化方面研究。E-mail:lyczhli@aliyun.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(411711664,41472157,41371215);河北省自然科学基金项目(D2013205038)

Airborne pollen assemblages and maximum source area in dust and non-dust weather in the central and eastern Loess Plateau

Yuecong LI^1,²(), Qinghai XU^2,³, Yawen GE^1,², Ying LI^1,², Suqing LV^1,², Xianyong CAO^1,^2,^4,⁵, Fang TIAN^4,⁵, Lisheng HAO⁶

1.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
2. Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Development of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
3. Institute of Nihewan Archaeology,Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
4. Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Research Unit Potsdam, Potsdam 14473, Germany
5. Department of Geo-science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
6.Climate Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050021, China

Received:2014-06-05 Revised:2014-09-21 Online:2014-12-10 Published:2014-12-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过黄土高原两个不同地区(浑源、洛川)沙尘与非沙尘天气花粉组合的对比来探讨主要花粉类型最大传播距离。结果表明：沙尘天气花粉汇集量明显高于非沙尘天气,特别是蒿属和藜科花粉,沙尘天气平均是非沙尘天气的3倍以上。随风速增大,花粉可能的最大源区范围明显增大。风速低于3.3 m/s时,蒿属和藜科花粉多来自100 km范围内,其他类型花粉来源范围不超过20 km;风速大于5.9 m/s时,蒿属和藜科花粉源区范围增至300 km以上;其他类型花粉不超过100 km。风速达到12.5 m/s时,蒿属及藜科最大花粉源区范围可达1000 km,其他类型花粉不超过300 km。浑源地区不论平均风速还是最大风速均明显高于洛川地区,因此,主要花粉类型可能的最大源区范围达200 km,大于洛川地区(低于100 km)。

关键词: 黄土高原, 空气花粉, 沙尘与非沙尘, 最大来源范围

Abstract:

：The Loess Plateau landscape is partly affected by aeolian processes, and even during humid climate periods, wind has been a major component in pollen transfer. This paper presents the results of pollen trapping studies designed to quantify the pollen assemblages carried by the winds of the Loess Plateau in different vegetation compositions in dust and non-dust weather conditions in two regions (Luochuan and Hunyuan) in the Loess Plateau. The results show that the total pollen influxes in dust weather are obviously higher (more than two times) than that in the non-dust weather in the same site and similar period. The contrast of pollen assemblages in dust weather and non-dust weather shows that pollen percentages and influxes of most trees and shrubs varied irregularly in the dust weather and non-dust weather, while the pollen influxes of Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae which dominate herb pollen assemblages, are obviously higher (more than three times) in the dust weather than those in the non-dust weather, indicating that part of the Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae can be brought to the Loess Plateau together by strong wind with dust from long distance away. The maximum of pollen source radius will increase obviously with the increase of wind speed, especially for the smaller and lighter pollen taxa such as Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae. When the wind speed is lower than 3.3 m/s, Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae mainly come from within a 100-km range, whereas other types are within 20 km; When the wind speed is higher than 5.9 m/s, the maximum source radius of Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae pollen grains increase to 300 km in distance, Ephedra, Betula, and Populus etc. with midium size increase to 100 km and Ulmus and Quercus etc. with a bigger size increase to 50 km. When the wind speed is higher than 12.5 m/s, the maximum source radius of Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae pollen grains can reach 1000 km. Even in the same wind speed, the differences of the maximum pollen source radius for different taxa are obvious. In Hunyuan County, compared with in Luochuan County, not only the average and maximum wind speed are higher, but the prevailing wind direction is more consistent with the direction where dust comes. So, maximum the pollen source radiuses of major taxa are larger in Hunyuan than that in Luochuan. Apart from Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae, the majority of pollen taxa source radius are within 200 km in Hunyuan but only 100 km in Luochuan.

Key words: Loess Plateau, airborne pollen, dust and non-dust weather, maximum pollen source radius

李月从, 许清海, 葛亚汶, 李英, 吕素青, 曹现勇, 田芳, 郝利生. 黄土高原中东部沙尘与非沙尘天气花粉组成及来源范围[J]. 地理研究, 2014, 33(12): 2367-2381.

Yuecong LI, Qinghai XU, Yawen GE, Ying LI, Suqing LV, Xianyong CAO, Fang TIAN, Lisheng HAO. Airborne pollen assemblages and maximum source area in dust and non-dust weather in the central and eastern Loess Plateau[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2014, 33(12): 2367-2381.

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样品编号	样品类型	取样时间	沙尘持续时间(天)	平均风速 (m/s)	日最大风速(m/s)	日最大风速平均值(m/s)	取样段平均气温(℃)	取样段相对湿度(℃)	日最大风速主风向
浑1	非沙尘	2007.3.25-4.10		3.3	10.8	8.2	7	33.1	西—北北西,南西南
浑沙尘1	沙尘	2007.3.31-4.1	2	5.85	11.7	11.7	4.95	22.5	西西北—西北
浑2	非沙尘	2007.4.10-4.25		3.1	9.9	7.6	9	44.8	西西北—北,东东北—东,东南,西西南
浑沙尘2	沙尘	2007.4.19-4.25	7	3.35	12.5	8.1	10.3	41.8	西北—北—东北
浑3	非沙尘	2008.2.25-3.10		2.85	9.2	6.6	0.03	41.2	西—北,东南,南西南
浑沙尘3	沙尘	2008.2.29-3.3	4	3.3	10.3	8.5	-1.2	48.3	西西北—北西北
浑4	非沙尘	2008.3.10-3.25		3.45	9.8	7.3	4	40	西—北,南西南
浑沙尘4	沙尘	2008.3.14	1	6.4	9.9	9.9	4.8	27	西
洛1	非沙尘	2007.3.29-4.14		1.95	5.2	4.1	11.9	32.2	东—东东南, 南西南—西
洛沙尘1	沙尘	2007.3.31-4.2	3	2.1	5.5	4.5	9.4	17.3	北东北—东北
洛2	非沙尘	2007.04.29-5.14		1.9	5.4	4.3	18.8	33	西南—西,西西北— 北西北,东南,
洛沙尘2	沙尘	2007.4.30-5.2	3	2.3	5.9	4.8	16	27	北

	浑沙1号	浑沙2号	浑沙3号	浑沙4号	洛沙1号	洛沙2号	平均值
相关系数(r)	0.996	0.728	0.876	0.984	0.809	0.759	0.8443
花粉总汇集量比值 (沙尘天气/非沙尘天气)	8.0	1.5	3.2	4.9	1.3	2.5	3.0
蒿属花粉总汇集量比值 (沙尘天气/非沙尘天气)	9.2	8.1	3.3	7.4	1.7	6.8	5.2
藜科花粉汇集量比值 (沙尘天气/非沙尘天气)	9.1	2.7	3.4	6.5	2.6	1.8	3.7
仅出现于沙尘样品的花粉种类	10	9	17	9	11	4	7.8
仅出现于沙尘样品的花粉类型占花粉总数的百分比(%)	6.7	1.9	34.7	6.0	9.1	2.3	8.8
仅出现于非沙尘样品的花粉种类	12	7	0	11	11	17	10.1
仅出现于非沙尘样品的花粉种类占花粉总数的百分比(%)	4.0	3.9	0.0	8.2	22.4	22.3	12.5

样品编号	蒿	藜科	菊科	莎草科	桦	麻黄	十字花科	杨	柳	禾本科	栎	榆	胡颓子	虎榛子	蔷薇科
百分含量
浑沙1号	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	0	-	+	+	-
浑沙2号	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	-
浑沙3号	-	-	-	+	0	+	+	+	0	-	0	+	-	+	+
浑沙4号	+	+	-	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	-	+	-	-
洛沙1号	+	+	-	+	-	0	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	+
洛沙2号	+	-	-	0	+	0	+	0	+	-	+	+	-	-	-
花粉汇集量
浑沙1号	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	+	+	+	0	+	+	+	+
浑沙2号	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	+
浑沙3号	+	+	+	+	0	+	+	+	0	+	0	+	-	+	+
浑沙4号	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	-	+	-	-
洛沙1号	+	+	+	+	-	0	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	+
洛沙2号	+	+	0	0	0	0	+	0	+	+	+	+	-	+	-

		降落速度(m/s)
小型轻型花粉	蒿属(Artemisia)	0.0108
	藜科(Chenopodiaceae)	0.0150
中等较轻花粉	麻黄(Ephedra)	0.0153
	十字花科(Brassicaceae)	0.0168
	虎榛子(Ostryopsis)	0.0173
	杨(Populus)	0.0182
	桦(Betula)	0.0191
	菊科(Asteraceae)	0.0193
较大型花粉	莎草科(Cyperaceae)	0.0208
	胡颓子属(Elaeagnus)	0.0211
	松属(Pinus) 柳(Salix)	0.0217 0.0220
	蔷薇科(Rosaceae)	0.0237
	禾本科(Poaceae) 栎(Quercus)	0.024 0.0264
	榆(Ulmus)	0.0368

黄土高原中东部沙尘与非沙尘天气花粉组成及来源范围

Airborne pollen assemblages and maximum source area in dust and non-dust weather in the central and eastern Loess Plateau

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