中原地区多尺度城乡收入的时空分异

doi:10.11821/dlyj201501012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用Theil、C_V、Moran's I及尺度方差等方法,基于分区级、市域级、县级三种尺度分析2000-2012年中原地区城镇人均收入、乡村人均收入和城乡收入比的区域差异及空间特征,从多维视角探索城乡收入区域差异。研究发现:① 2000年以来,城镇人均收入区域差异在三种尺度上均表现逐渐减小趋势;乡村人均收入区域差异均呈现逐渐增大趋势;而城乡收入比区域差异不同尺度演化趋势不同,但总体与乡村人均收入较为相似。② 尺度方差分解结果显示:城镇人均收入尺度方差及构成由大到小为县级、市域级、分区级;而乡村人均收入与城乡收入比则分为县级、分区级、市域级。③ 城乡收入三项指标在不同尺度水平上空间关联格局均表现出总体的稳定性,城镇人均收入、乡村人均收入的显著空间关联类型以显著LL区为主,而城乡收入比显著空间关联类型以HH为主。④ ArcGIS分类中,市域级尺度城乡收入三项指标空间类型呈现明显的分区分布,县级空间格局更为复杂且多呈规模不等的圈层分布特征。通过探索城乡收入时空变化特征及其尺度变化特征,可了解不同尺度城乡差距特征及其尺度效应,为中原地区、中国类似区城乡统筹发展战略的制定提供理论依据。

关键词: 不同尺度, 城乡收入, 区域差异, 时空分异, 中原地区

Abstract:

Coordinating the urban and rural development and promoting the construction of new socialist countryside are two important strategies for Chinese modernization. In this study, urban-rural income indexes such as urban per capita income, rural per capita income and urban-rural income ratio, to a certain degree, can be used to measure the gap of urban-rural residents’ living quality and their coordinated development. This paper aims to investigate the spatial-temporal differentiation of urban-rural income in the Central Plains Region (CPR) at multiple spatial scales. Based on the three urban-rural income indicators, we use C_V, Theil Index, Moran's I and scale variance to examine the changing trends and spatial patterns of urban-rural development in CPR from 2000 to 2012 at regional, city and county levels. The results are summarized as follows. (1) From the calculation results of C_V, Theil index and Moran's I, we find that the regional difference of urban per capita income is gradually decreasing at the three spatial scales, while that of rural per capita income is gradually increasing since 2000. The indicator of urban-rural income ratio is gradually declining at regional and city levels, but increasing at county level; and the overall trend is similar to the change of rural per capita income. (2) The results of the scale variance show different patterns obviously. The variance of the urban per capita income is decreased from county level to city and regional levels; however, that of rural per capita income and urban-rural ratio is decreased from county level to regional and city levels. (3) The statistical results of Moran's I indicate positive local spatial autocorrelation patterns of urban-rural income, and tend to be stable since 2000. The maps of local Moran's I show the significant clusters: LL for both of urban and rural per capita income, and HH for urban-rural income ratio. (4) The spatial classification of the three indexes of the urban-rural income in ArcGIS 10.0 show very different results. The city level indexes demonstrate a clear clustering pattern, while the spatial structure of county level indexes is much complex, which is mainly dominated by irregular circles with different sizes. Our research illustrates that the spatial-temporal analysis of the urban-rural income is practical to measure the spatial patterns and growth trends at multiple scales, and thus it provides in-depth information for urban-rural development. The research results also provide theoretical basis for the urban-rural development strategy in CPR and other regions.

Key words: different scales, urban-rural income, regional differences, spatial-temporal differences, Central Plains region

丁志伟, 张改素, 王发曾. 中原地区多尺度城乡收入的时空分异[J]. 地理研究, 2015, 34(1): 131-148.

Zhiwei DING, Gaisu ZHANG, Fazeng WANG. Spatial-temporal differentiation of urban-rural income in Central Plains Region at different scales[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2015, 34(1): 131-148.

图/表 14

表1

平均尺度方差估计和尺度方差构成"

尺度	自由度	平均方差估计	尺度方差组成
分区α	I-1	SS_a/(I-1)	$∑ i = 1 I (X ? i - X ?) 2 / (I - 1)$
市级β	$∑ i = 1 I$ (J_i-1)	$S S β ∑ i = 1 I (J i - 1)$	$∑ i = 1 I ∑ J = 1 J i (X ? i - X ?) 2 ∑ i = 1 I (J i - 1)$
县级γ	$∑ i = 1 I ∑ j = 1 J i (K ij - 1)$	$S S γ ∑ i = 1 I ∑ j = 1 J i (K ij - 1)$	$∑ i = 1 I ∑ J = 1 J i ∑ k = 1 K ij (X ? i - X ?) 2 ∑ i = 1 I ∑ j = 1 J i (K ij - 1)$

表1

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