改革开放以来中国行政区划格局演变与驱动力分析

doi:10.11821/dlyj201502005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

行政区划变更与社会经济发展密切相关,也影响着社会经济的健康发展。主要分析了1978年以来35年间中国县级以上各类型行政区的数量变化,根据变化特征和规律划分出四个发展阶段,阐述了各个阶段行政区划空间格局的发展变化,总结了中国行政区划演变的五种主要模式：建制变更、行政区拆分、行政区合并、建制升格以及新设立行政区。行政区划格局的演变受多种因素的影响,城镇化进程、中心城市的空间拓展、人口的集聚与增长、交通和通讯条件的改善以及政策因素都是行政区划格局演变的重要驱动力。在新型城镇化背景下,应该加强中国行政区划时空格局演变和驱动力分析,以期为中国未来的行政区划调整和城镇化的健康发展提供一些指导与借鉴。

关键词: 行政区划, 时空格局, 演变模式, 驱动力, 中国

Abstract:

The changes of administrative divisions are closely related to social and economic development, and affect the health of the social and economy development. This thesis mainly analyzes the variation in value of various kinds of administrative divisions which are above the county level during the last 35 years (1978-2013). It is divided into four stages according to the varying characteristics and pattern which are 1978-1982, 1982-1996, 1997-2003 and 2004-2013.The charts and diagrams illustrated the evolution of temporal-spatial patterns of each stage. The number and proportion of counties have been declining. During 1978-1996, the number of county-level cities had been rising and was mainly concentrated in the eastern coastal region. Thus, the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and other city groups formed. The number and proportion of municipal districts are growing steadily. The municipal districts are concentrated in the eastern and northeastern regions. Since 2003, the spatial distribution pattern of administrative divisions is basically stable. Now, municipal districts and county-level cities are mainly concentrated in the eastern and northeastern regions, but counties are mainly concentrated in the central and western regions.This paper summarizes the five main modes of the administrative divisions of China which are the change of the organizational system, the division of the administrative districts, the combination of the administrative districts, the upgrade of the organizational system and the establishment of the administrative districts.The pattern of evolution of administrative divisions is affected by many factors. This thesis draws the conclusion that the important driving forces include the progress of urbanization, spatial expansion of the central cities, agglomeration and growth of population, the improvement of the transportation and communication conditions and the government policies. Under the new urbanization background, this paper aims to provide some guidance and references for the future adjustment of the administrative districts in China and healthy development of urbanization through strengthening the study on the evolution and driving force of the temporal-spatial pattern in China's administrative districts.

Key words: administrative divisions, temporal-spatial pattern, evolution pattern, driving force, China

朱建华, 陈田, 王开泳, 戚伟. 改革开放以来中国行政区划格局演变与驱动力分析[J]. 地理研究, 2015, 34(2): 247-258.

Jianhua ZHU, Tian CHEN, Kaiyong WANG, Wei QI. Spatial pattern evolution and driving force analysis of administrative division in China since the reform and opening-up[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2015, 34(2): 247-258.

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表6

行政区划演变的主要模式"

主要模式	具体模式	案例	特殊类型	案例
建制变更	撤县改市	2013年,吉林省扶余县撤县设市	自治县改市	1994年,丹东市凤城满族自治县改为凤城市
	撤县改市	2013年,吉林省扶余县撤县设市	旗改市	1997年,额尔古纳左旗和额尔古纳右旗改为根河市和额尔古纳市
	撤县改区	2013年,南京市撤销高淳县和溧水县设立高淳区和溧水区	自治县改区	2000年,重庆市黔江土家族苗族自治县改为黔江区
	撤县改区	2013年,南京市撤销高淳县和溧水县设立高淳区和溧水区	特区改区	2011年,贵州省铜仁市万山特区改为万山区
	撤市改区	2013年,苏州市撤销吴江市设立吴江区	地级市改区	1998年,地级东川市改为昆明市东川区
	撤区改市	1990年,撤销湘潭市韶山区设立韶山市	撤区改市（隶属关系改变）	2011年,撤销地级巢湖市,将原居巢区改为县级巢湖市,由合肥市代管
	撤区改县	1998年,撤销荆州市江陵区设立江陵县
行政区拆分	县分为县、市	1987年,泉州市晋江县析出石狮等4个乡镇,新设石狮市	旗分设一个市	1996年,兴安盟科尔沁右翼前旗阿尔山镇改为阿尔山市
	县分为县、区	2012年,马鞍山市当涂县析出博望镇、单阳镇、新市镇,新设博望区	经济技术开发区改为区	2005年,广州南沙经济技术开发区改为南沙区
	县分为两区	1993年,深圳市撤销宝安县,新设宝安、龙岗两区
	县分为两县	2012年,那曲地区将尼玛县7个乡镇划出设立双湖县
	区分为两区	2013年,巴州区分为巴州、恩阳两区;广安区分为广安、前锋区
	区分为区、市	1996年,防城港市防城区析出东兴、江平、马路3个镇,新设东兴市
	区分为区、县	2009年,随州市曾都区分出随县
	市分为区、县	1997年,县级曲靖市分为麒麟区和沾益县
行政区合并	区区合并	2010年,北京东城区和崇文区合并为东城区,西城区和宣武区合并为西城区	三区合并	2012年,苏州市金阊区、平江区、沧浪区合并为姑苏区
	区县合并	2002年,江浦县与浦口区合并为浦口区
	区市合并	2012年,黄岛区和胶南市合并为黄岛区
	县市合并	1996年,黑龙江省德都县并入五大连池市
	市市合并	1999年,云南省畹町市并入瑞丽市
建制升格	县级市升为地级市	1996年,宿迁、泰州两县级市升为地级市
建制升格	地级市升为直辖市	1997年,重庆市升为直辖市	行政区升为省	1988年,海南行政区升为省,海口、三亚两县级市升为地级市
新设立行政区	设地级市	2012年,设立三沙市,管辖西沙、南沙、中沙三个群岛
新设立行政区	设县级市	2010年,江西新设共青城市;2014年,新疆生产建设兵团第五师新设双河县级市

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年份	县	县级市	市辖区
1978	2135	93	488
1982	2135	133	527
1996	1696	445	717
2003	1642	374	845
2013	1613	368	871

年份	直辖市和地级市的数量	市辖区数量	管辖幅度
1978	100	488	4.88
1982	112	527	4.71
1996	221	717	3.24
2003	286	845	2.95
2013	290	871	3.00

年份	辖县（市）的地级行政区数	县和县级市的数量	管辖幅度
1978	211	2228	10.08
1982	210	2268	10.8
1996	335	2141	6.39
2003	333	2016	6.05
2013	333	1981	5.95

年份	地级行政区和直辖市的数量	县级行政区数量	管辖幅度
1978	311	2716	8.73
1982	322	2795	8.68
1996	338	2858	8.46
2003	337	2861	8.49
2013	337	2852	8.46

区域	市辖区数量	县数量	县级市数量
东部	305	331	138
中部	209	411	88
西部	217	779	86
东北	140	92	56