新构造运动对冲积河流影响研究的回顾与展望

doi:10.11821/dlyj201503004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究新构造运动本身及其对冲积河流的影响,可以深化地貌学理论、沉积旋回复杂性假设等的认识,也与实际应用密切相关。将活动构造作为新构造运动的一个组成部分,回顾了新构造运动对冲积河流影响,并提及新构造运动本身的研究进展。控制流域水系格局及河流走向的研究,侧重地质学解释;新构造运动应力场的研究,深化了新构造运动机理及驱动力的探讨。三类基本缓慢新构造运动影响水系发育、河床演变、河型变化及河道冲淤,表现出复杂性、层次性、敏感性和先兆性;文章兼及河流侵蚀作用形成“新构造”的研究进展,回顾了物理模型实验研究成就及数学模拟研究端倪。进而指出：应注重该学科的交叉、渗透、综合研究与新构造快速运动方式对冲积河流影响的研究,定期进行新构造运动活跃区的升降速率、河床演变与泥沙输移的观测,进一步推进物理模型实验与数学模拟研究,并加强研究力量的协作与融合。

关键词: 新构造运动, 对冲积河流影响, 回顾与展望

Abstract:

The study of neo-tectonic movement and its impact on alluvial river can deepen the understanding of the complex response theory in a geomorphic system and the complex hypothesis of multi-cycle deposition, and investigate thoroughly the relationship between sedimentary sequence and basin depositing processes, which can be widely applied to earth science, water engineering, traffic transportation, communications, oil and gas exploration and development, etc. In this paper, it is mainly reviewed the research progress of the influence of neo-tectonic movement in alluvial rivers, and neo-tectonic movement is described very briefly. In the embryonic period of the neo-tectonic movement, the study of the drainage pattern in a basin and the river towards controlled by the neo-tectonic movement, had been increasingly popular as a new discipline, but mainly focused on the geologic interpretation. Since the 1970s, research on the neo-tectonic stress field can help us understand the neo-tectonic mechanism and dynamics. In author’s point of view, active tectonics can be taken as part of the neo-tectonic movement, and the type and ratio of neo-tectonic movement has significant effect on alluvial river morphology and channel evolution, including the plane form, channel width, longitudinal profile, cross section, sinuosity, braided index, cutting strength and range, channel pattern, transport type and amount of sediment, which shows the complexity, hierarchy, sensitivity and prophetic. Influenced by active fold, uplift and depression on river longitudinal profile development, the compensation of subsidence by the sedimentation is concerned specially. As for the influence of neo-tectonic movement on alluvial river plane shape, the sinuosity was taken as the barometer of alluvial river in response to neo-tectonic activity. As for the effect of active fault on river development and evolution, sensitivity and prophetic are especially mentioned. This paper deals with the research progress in the bedrock exposed on riverbed by active uplifting, which resulted in developing both pressed and release meandering along upstream and downstream, respectively, and the so called "New structure", formed by river erosion. The traditional research methods and techniques are not generally described but mentioned that the experiment simulation has obtained remarkable achievements at home and abroad, and the mathematical simulation is just unfolding. It is prospected that at first, to pay attention to the crossing, permeating and comprehensive research of neo-tectonic movement impacting to alluvial river, the second to focus on effects of rapid tectonic movement to alluvial river, the third to observe regularly lifting rate of neo-tectonic movement, the riverbed evolution and sediment transportation in the neo-tectonic active area, the fourth, to take caution more with the physical model experiment and mathematic simulation, in which there is a great space for development, and finely to strengthen the cooperation and fusion of research ability. The study will enter a new stage of development.

Key words: neo-tectonic movement, influence on alluvial river, review and prospect

金德生, 乔云峰, 杨丽虎, 宋献方. 新构造运动对冲积河流影响研究的回顾与展望[J]. 地理研究, 2015, 34(3): 437-454.

Desheng JIN, Yunfeng QIAO, Lihu YANG, Xianfang SONG. A research of influence of neo-tectonic movement on alluvial rivers: Review and prospect[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2015, 34(3): 437-454.

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