新时期产业区理论视角重构及相关实证研究进展

doi:10.11821/dlyj201503008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

产业区作为全球区域发展最具活力的“经济—社会”空间,具有带动发展和就业、提升竞争力的作用,备受经济地理学、社会学、管理学等关注。经典产业区理论强调集聚经济、专业化分工、本地制度等内生因素对其成长演化作用,但在经济全球化、区域一体化与技术变革等现实背景以及制度文化、关系、尺度、演化转向等理论背景下,经典产业区理论对产业区外部化、“锁定”效应、空间功能转变等解释的局限性日益凸显。首先,通过国外产业区研究进展综述,发现新时期研究呈现由产业区系统向企业战略、本地根植向全球网络、自发增长向多元化管治、生命周期理论向多重路径依赖等视角转变;其次,对新时期产业区成长演化路径、影响因素及效应的实证研究进行梳理;最后,在总结国内相关研究进展的基础上指出中国未来产业区研究的不足和方向。

关键词: 产业区, 全球化, 理论重构, 转型升级, 研究进展

Abstract:

As the most dynamic "economy-society" space in the progress of regional development, industrial district has the function of driving the development, enhancing the rate of employment and strengthening competitiveness, which arouses much attention from economic geography, sociology, management science and so on. Classical industrial district theory places emphasis on the impact of the endogenous factors on its evolution, such as the agglomeration economies, specialized division of labor and institutional environment. But under the background of economic globalization, regional integration and technological change, and the trends of institutional turn, cultural turn, relational turn, scalar turn and evolutional turn, the classical industrial district theory is limited to explain the externalization of industrial district, "lock-in" effect, and the transformation of space function. Through the review of the research progress of industrial district, it can be found that the angle of research in the new period has changed, which is from system dynamics to firms strategy, from local embeddedness to global network, from spontaneous growth to pluralistic governance, from life cycle theory to multiple path-dependence. At the same time, the related empirical research of industrial district evolution is also following up: (1) Based on the reconstruction of industrial district theory, scholars have discussed upgrading paths of industrial district from several aspects, such as production organizational form, innovation mode, spatial structure and function, governance policies. (2) Strategic behavior of leading firm, global production network, institutional and technological innovation have become the new focus of evolution mechanism research of industrial district. (3) The influence of industrial district development on the evolution of local and global production network, regional society and economy development and urban spatial structure has attracted much attention. Then, we summarize the progress of industrial district study in China, and on this basis, we estimate the development and research direction of industrial district in China: (1) A theoretical framework, which reflects the development law of industrial district in China, should be built. (2) The evolution law of the interior space form of industrial district and its relationship with urban space should be explored. (3) The evolution mechanism of industrial districts needs to be further examined. (4) The evolution trend and its effect of industrial districts remain to be perfect.

Key words: industrial district, globalization, theoretical reconstruction, transformation and upgrading, research progress

吴加伟, 陈雯, 袁丰. 新时期产业区理论视角重构及相关实证研究进展[J]. 地理研究, 2015, 34(3): 487-503.

Jiawei WU, Wen CHEN, Feng YUAN. Progress of the reconstruction of industrial district theory and the empirical study[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2015, 34(3): 487-503.

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理论视角	演化趋势(升级路径研究)	演化机制(影响因素)研究	演化效应研究
经典产业区理论	1.“形成—发展—成熟—停滞—衰落或复兴”生命周期	1. 企业、产业集群与演化 2. 外部经济与集聚经济 3.“弹性专精”生产组织方式 4. 本地社会文化制度 5. 交易成本 6. 本地创新环境与网络	1. 内部中小企业竞争力 2. 区域社会经济增长
新时期产业区理论视角重构	1. 生产组织形式 2. 创新模式 3. 空间结构与功能 4. 治理政策与制度	1. 龙头企业战略行为 2. 全球生产与知识网络 3. 技术与制度创新能力	1. 本地、全球生产网络 2. 国家—区域社会经济转型发展 3. 城市空间结构演化