煤炭资源型城市空间结构演化过程、模式及影响因素——基于淮南市的实证研究

doi:10.11821/dlyj201503010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以淮南市为案例,结合历次城市规划用地现状资料,利用GIS软件,动态追踪了淮南城市空间结构时空演化进程。结果表明：作为煤炭资源型城市,淮南城市空间形态较为分散,正逐步填充向紧凑布局演化;内部空间以工业用地、居住用地、商业及公共设施用地的增长为主,空间重构现象自20世纪80年代开始逐步加强,并以居住用地取代工业用地和商业及公共设施用地取代居住用地两种形式为主。在不同生命周期阶段,煤炭资源型城市空间扩展模式不同：发生期以城矿共生扩张模式为主,成长期以厂兴镇、联厂成镇、延伸扩展模式为主,中兴期以后多通过新区扩张模式来实现空间结构演化,自组织扩展模式贯穿煤炭资源型城市发展始终。最后分析了资源、自然环境、交通、产业结构以及城市规划等主要因素对煤炭资源型城市外部形态和内部空间结构演化的影响及作用机理。

关键词: 煤炭资源型城市, 空间结构演化, 模式, 影响因素

Abstract:

This paper, combined with all previous information on urban planned land, dynamically tracks the Huainan's spatial-temporal evolution process of urban spatial structure with the aid of GIS software. Qualitative research shows that Huainan's urban space pattern is relatively scattered and has gradually evolved into the compact layout. Firstly, from 1960 to 2009, industrial land increases from 9.37 square kilometers to 21.19 square kilometers, warehouse land from 0.69 square kilometers to 1.22 square kilometers, residential land from 10.147 square kilometers to 43.572 square kilometers, and the land for commerce and public facilities from 0.96 square kilometers to 7.86 square kilometers. Therefore, the increase of industrial land, residential land, and land for commerce and public facilities is primary feature for internal space. Secondly, industrial land, mainly the coal mining industry and choosing-washing industry, is characterized by resource dependency and spatial variability, the coal power industrial land and the chemical industrial land are featured by the spatial inertia, and the land represented by food industry, textile industry and machinery manufacturing industry is significant. Thirdly, the phenomenon of internal spatial restructure has been gradually significant since the 1980s, which contains two main forms: industrial land replaced by residential land and residential land replaced by land for commerce and public facilities. Furthermore, this paper, based on a micro perspective, focuses on the space combination relationship among the main land use patterns. Then it comes to the conclusions that the coal resource-based city can be identified into 6 types of spatial expansion mode and that the spatial expansion modes of the coal resource-based city are distinct in different life-cycle stages. In occurrence period, the urban-mine symbiotic expansion mode plays a dominant role. In growth period, it employs the pattern of driving the towns' development with factories, joining the factories and expanding along the traffic line. After mature period, the effective way to optimize the urban spatial structure is new district expansion model. Meanwhile, the self-organizing extension pattern has existed throughout the process of coal resource-based city development. Finally, this paper summarizes the external spatial form and internal spatial structure evolution mechanism of coal resource-based city through the analysis of several major influencing factors, such as resources, natural environment, traffic condition, industry structure, urban planning and so on. The conclusions can be drawn as follows: Firstly, resource factor affects the urban industrial structure through its economic effect, and the production factor affects the urban external spatial morphology and internal spatial structure by its space effect. Secondly, natural environment factor and traffic condition factor affect the external form of the coal resource-based city. Thirdly, the intensive degree of various influencing factors is distinct in different stages of urban development.

Key words: coal resource-based city, evolution of spatial structure, model, influencing factors

杨显明, 焦华富, 许吉黎. 煤炭资源型城市空间结构演化过程、模式及影响因素——基于淮南市的实证研究[J]. 地理研究, 2015, 34(3): 513-524.

Xianming YANG, Huafu JIAO, Jili XU. Study on the evolution model, process and influence factors of the coal resource-based cities' spatial structure: A casestudy of Huainan city[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2015, 34(3): 513-524.

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