基于植被覆盖与生产力视角的亚喀斯特区域生态环境特征研究——以黔中部分地区为例

doi:10.11821/dlyj201504004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研究亚喀斯特区域的生态环境特征,以黔中部分地区为研究区,利用2010年的TM影像数据和MODIS-NPP影像数据,通过NDVI像元二分模型法和格网计算法,对比分析亚喀斯特与喀斯特区域的植被覆盖和净第一生产力,探讨不同区域的植被状况、土地承载力等生态特征。研究发现亚喀斯特区域有着不同于传统喀斯特区域的生态特征,在相同的土地利用类型条件下,前者具有更好的植被覆盖水平和净第一生产力,但其生态环境更易受到人类活动的干扰。因此区域的生态环境问题需要引起关注,并应采取针对性措施进行生态恢复和保护,提出生态发展策略,旨在对区域的生态环境研究更加深入,促进人地和谐发展。

关键词: 亚喀斯特与喀斯特区域, 植被覆盖, 生产力, 对比分析, 生态环境

Abstract:

In order to study the ecological environmental characteristics of a semi-karst region, the paper takes the central area of Guizhou Province as a research area, which includes the Anshun city, Pingba County and Huaxi District. The region is the typical representative of semi-karst and karst Guanling group and Anshun group rocks. By using the TM image data and MODIS-NPP image data in April 2010, the paper makes a comparative study on the vegetation coverage and net primary productivity (NPP) and explores the ecological characteristics such as status of vegetation, vegetation net primary productivity, land carrying capacity and landscape diversity in semi-karst and karst regions by the method of NDVI dimidiate pixel model and grid computation. The research showed that the semi-karst region has different ecological features from a traditional karst region. Under the same land use type conditions, the vegetation growth of the semi-karst region has obvious advantages, which indicates arbor as the representative of the high vegetation coverage has wide and continuous concentration distribution. By contrast, high vegetation coverage area of the karst region is mainly composed of shrubs, scattered and broken. Overall the semi-karst region has the high land carrying capacity; its net primary productivity level is also significantly higher than that of the karst region. However, close attention should be paid to sensitivity of the ecological environment to human activities in the semi-karst region. Landscape analysis shows that although the vegetation coverage degree is bigger, the number of plaque is larger, the unit area is lesser and the plaque is more broken. The phenomenon shows that the semi-karst vegetation is prone to disturbance and degradation under the interference of environment and vegetation component is not stable. Fragmentation index and Shannon Diversity index also shows that the degree of landscape heterogeneity is larger and landscape structure is more complicated. Therefore, through the analysis of the characteristics of the semi-karst region's eco-environment, the paper pointed out that the ecological environment problems in the region need more concern, and the eco-environment in this region needs further research. Also we should take appropriate measures to restore and protect the ecology and implement better ecological development strategy. By using the superior conditions of the regional ecological environment and implementing reasonable human production activities, we are able to promote the harmonious development of human and nature.

Key words: semi-karst and karst regions, vegetation cover, net primary productivity, contrast research, ecological environment

许璟, 安裕伦, 胡锋, 马良瑞. 基于植被覆盖与生产力视角的亚喀斯特区域生态环境特征研究——以黔中部分地区为例[J]. 地理研究, 2015, 34(4): 644-654.

Jing XU, Yulun AN, Feng HU, Liangrui MA. Research on characteristics of ecological environment in a semi-karst region based on vegetation cover and NPP : A case study in central Guizhou province[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2015, 34(4): 644-654.

图/表 10

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研究数据来源表"

源数据	参考数据	输出数据
2010年4月上旬30 m空间分辨率的Landsat TM遥感影像;2010年4月上旬250 m空间分辨率的MODIS-NPP遥感影像	1 $∶$ 5万贵州地形图;贵州岩性图;行政边界矢量数据	2010年4月上旬覆盖贵州省域的土地利用图/数据;2010年4月上旬覆盖贵州省域的植被第一净初级生产力的NPP图/数据;2010年4月上旬覆盖贵州省域的植被覆盖度/数据

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类型	等级	斑块数(个)	斑块平均面积(km²)	破碎度指数	香农多样性指数
喀斯特区域	低植被覆盖	2	0.14	1.00	1.01
	中低植被覆盖	618	0.53	1.00
	中植被覆盖	16289	0.95	1.04
	中高植被覆盖	3801	30.66	1.04
	高植被覆盖	18750	1.48	1.05
亚喀斯特区域	低植被覆盖	9	0.11	1.02	1.07
	中低植被覆盖	575	1.02	1.03
	中植被覆盖	12516	0.81	1.05
	中高植被覆盖	5735	18.27	1.06
	高植被覆盖	18002	2.29	1.05