土地利用转型的生态系统服务价值效应分析——以湖南省为例

doi:10.11821/dlyj201504008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以1995年、2000年、2005年和2010年四期Landsat TM影像解译数据和社会经济数据为基础,借助ArcGIS分析手段,探讨了期间湖南省的土地利用转型情况。借鉴全球生态系统服务价值的最新研究成果,结合中国实际情况对生态系统服务价值系数进行了修订,进而对湖南省土地利用转型导致的生态系统服务价值变化进行了测度和分析。结果表明：1995-2010年,湖南省土地利用发生明显变化,主要表现为城乡建设用地增加及耕地和草地面积的减少;1995-2000年,湖南省生态系统服务价值略有提升,由8807.8亿元变为8829.5亿元,增加0.25%。但自2000年以后,生态系统服务价值持续下降,由2000年的8829.5亿元降至2010年的8770.9亿元,下降0.66%。最后,提出保障湖南省生态系统服务功能的土地利用优化配置建议。

关键词: 土地利用转型, 生态系统服务价值, 生态环境, 土地利用优化配置, 湖南省

Abstract:

With the rapid development of Chinese economy, many negative effects of land use transitions under the pressure of rapid urbanization on local ecological system and environment have occurred. This paper examines the dynamic patterns of land use transitions in Hunan province, using high-resolution Landsat TM (Thematic Mapper) data in 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010, and socio-economic data from both research institutes and government departments, and assesses the changes of ecosystem services value (ESV) by drawing a connection between the observed land use dynamics and the evaluation of ESV, based on the latest research of Costanza et al. and some revisions adapted to the situation of China. The outcomes indicated that, during the period from 1995 to 2010, the land use changed significantly, characterized by the increase of construction land and the decrease of cultivated land and grassland; ESV of the study area decreased by 0.42%, from 880.78 to 877.09 billion RMB, due to the losses of large quantities of ecological land to construction land. Then, some of the major implications for improving the land use of Hunan province were discussed. The authors argue that it is fundamental to meet the demand of construction land for socio-economic development, meanwhile, to protect regional ecosystem services function and maintain its stability; only in this way Hunan province may realize the sustainable use of ecological resources in the process of rapid urbanization, as well as the integration of economic, social and ecological benefits.

Key words: land use transition, ecosystem services value, ecological environment, land use optimization and allocation, Hunan

刘永强, 廖柳文, 龙花楼, 秦建新. 土地利用转型的生态系统服务价值效应分析——以湖南省为例[J]. 地理研究, 2015, 34(4): 691-700.

Yongqiang LIU, Liuwen LIAO, Hualou LONG, Jianxin QIN. Effects of land use transitions on ecosystem services value:A case study of Hunan province[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2015, 34(4): 691-700.

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土地利用类型	林地	草地	耕地	水域	城乡建设用地	未利用地
对应生态系统	森林	草地	农田	湖泊/河流	城市	沙漠
Costanza等^[9]	16658	2025	764	70533	-	-
Costanza等^[14]	40365	31245	41753	93840	49958	-
修订后	40365	31245	41753	93840	377	371

时期	耕地	林地	草地	水域	城乡建设用地	未利用地
1995年	6103421	13268157	756035	709975	273794	70117
2000年	6066213	13437217	747778	679992	181306	68992
2005年	6065966	13478844	610190	658188	235866	132444
2010年	6053832	13345947	592213	713287	356709	119510
1995-2000年	-37208	169060	-8257	-29983	-92488	-1125
2000-2005年	-248	41627	-137588	-21804	54560	63452
2005-2010年	-12134	-132897	-17977	55099	120843	-12934
1995-2010年	-49589	77790	-163822	3312	82915	49393

1995年土地利用类型	2010年土地利用类型
1995年土地利用类型	耕地	林地	草地	水域	城乡建设用地	未利用地	总计
耕地	5380259	419942	15173	155258	125093	7697	6103421
林地	438226	12662504	21822	77597	67641	366	13268157
草地	28134	172015	550075	3562	2237	12	756035
水域	103998	53957	4105	457045	12656	78214	709975
城乡建设用地	100314	15438	729	8249	148744	318	273794
未利用地	2901	22091	308	11575	338	32903	70117
总计	6053832	13345947	592213	713287	356709	119510	21181498

土地利用类型	ESV					ESV变化
土地利用类型	1995		2000	2005	2010	1995-2000	2000-2005	2005-2010	1995-2010
耕地	254836	253283	253272	252766		-1554	-10	-507	-2070
林地	535569	542393	544074	538709		6824	1680	-5364	3140
草地	23622	23364	19065	18504		-258	-4299	-562	-5119
水域	66624	63810	61764	66935		-2814	-2046	5170	311
城乡建设用地	103	68	89	134		-35	21	46	31
未利用地	26	26	49	44		0	24	-5	18
合计	880781	882945	878314	877092		2164	-4631	-1221	-3689