中国城市网络的空间组织及其复杂性结构特征

doi:10.11821/dlyj201504010

地理研究 ›› 2015, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 711-728.doi: 10.11821/dlyj201504010

中国城市网络的空间组织及其复杂性结构特征

吴康^1,²(), 方创琳³, 赵渺希⁴

1. 首都经济贸易大学城市经济与公共管理学院,北京 100070
2. 哈佛大学地理分析中心,马萨诸塞州 02138,美国
3. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101
4. 华南理工大学建筑学院亚热带建筑科学国家重点实验室,广州 510640

收稿日期:2014-11-05 修回日期:2015-01-26 出版日期:2015-04-10 发布日期:2015-04-10
作者简介:
作者简介：吴康（1985- ）,男,江苏淮安人,博士,讲师,主要从事城市经济地理学研究。 E-mail: ruoyunyi@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41401178, 51478189);国家留学基金委公派博士后项目(201408110069);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金(14YJC790132);北京市自然科学基金青年项目(9154024);北京市社会科学基金—北京市教委社科计划重点项目(14JGB132/SZ201510038021)

The spatial organization and structure complexity of Chinese intercity networks

Kang WU^1,²(), Chuanglin FANG³, Miaoxi ZHAO⁴

1. College of Urban Economics and Public Administration, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing 100070, China
2. Center for Geographic Analysis, Harvard University, MA 02138, USA
3. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
4. College of Architecture/State Key laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China

Received:2014-11-05 Revised:2015-01-26 Online:2015-04-10 Published:2015-04-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球化、信息化与快速城市化深刻影响了中国的城市体系,多区位企业组织所形成的城市网络正处于日益复杂的空间嬗变过程。基于2010年企业名录的总部—分支机构型关联数据,研究构建了330×330的地级以上城市网络连接关系,并运用复杂网络分析工具来探索中国城市网络的空间组织特征。研究发现：① 中国的城市网络联系呈现以“北京—上海—广深—成都”为核心的菱形空间结构,不同等级的网络流强度具有显著的空间异质性,城市网络的空间组织是一个择优性和地理邻近性复杂作用的过程;② 中国城市网络正处于一个简单随机向复杂有序结构的转化期,整体大尺度的网络结构还有待形成;③ 中国城市网络整体表现出明显的小世界网络效应;④ 中国城市的二值点度网络为明显的异配性连接特征,而加权强度网络连接则一定程度上表现出“富人圈”的现象;⑤ 中国城市网络的层级性并不明显,城市网络的点度和强度的关系呈非线性增加特征。

关键词: 城市网络, 复杂性结构, 企业网络, 空间组织, 中国

Abstract:

Fuelled by globalization, informatization and rapid urbanization, the Chinese urban system has witnessed dramatic changes in the past four decades, which shows a combined changing characteristic in both expanded geographical scope and intensified intercity connections. This paper investigates an integrated network-based approaches and spatial analysis to explore the spatial organization process and the basic regularity of Chinese intercity networks. More specifically, this study examines how 330 Chinese cities are connected through 108,570 ownership linkages of 307,915 local corporations for the year 2010. Major findings include: (1) the backbone of the Chinese intercity corporate network is diamond-shaped and anchored by four major metropolitan areas (Beijing in the North; Shanghai, East; Guangzhou-Shenzhen, South; Chengdu, West), intercity network strengths reveal a significant spatial heterogeneity; (2) urban network organization is a complicated process that involve both preferential attachment and geographic proximity interactions; (3) the overall structure of the intercity corporate networks undergo a transition process that from a simple random period to a complex but orderly one and also features small-world network properties; (4) city degree distribution of Chinese intercity networks is characterized by weak assortativity and rich-club effects; and (5) a combination interpretation of clustering coefficient and degree distribution identifies hierarchical and regional tendencies.

Key words: city network, spatial organization, structure complexity, China

吴康, 方创琳, 赵渺希. 中国城市网络的空间组织及其复杂性结构特征[J]. 地理研究, 2015, 34(4): 711-728.

Kang WU, Chuanglin FANG, Miaoxi ZHAO. The spatial organization and structure complexity of Chinese intercity networks[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2015, 34(4): 711-728.

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	Top1组织网络	Top2组织网络	Top3组织网络	Top5组织网络
连接节点数	51	107	156	244
平均连接度	6.47	6.16	6.32	6.71
前10名节点连接比重(%)	54.24	52.8	50.81	49.11
京津冀连接比重(%)	12.42	18.36	18.86	17.78
长三角连接比重(%)	10.91	17.15	19.07	19.43
珠三角连接比重(%)	6.97	8.50	10.34	12.52
三大城市群连接合计(%)	30.30	44.01	48.28	49.73
北京连接度比重(%)	11.21	16.39	15.82	14.42
上海连接度比重(%)	7.88	12.29	12.98	12.71
深广连接度比重(%)	6.67	8.19	8.82	10.57
京沪深广连接合计(%)	25.76	36.87	37.63	37.69
成渝连接比重(%)	6.67	6.53	5.38	4.52

网络类型		拟合函数
网络类型		度分布（Degree）	（点权）强度分布（Strength）
无向网络		P(k)=0.9195e^-0.019k, R²=0.984	P(s)=1.6951E4s^-1.446, R²=0.9235
有向网络	Top1	P(k)=24.672e^-0.075k, R²=0.9186	P(s)=2.29E4s^-1.293, R²=0.9224
	Top2	P(k)=224.82k^-1.221, R²=0.913	P(s)=3.96E4s^-1.322, R²=0.9326
	Top3	P(k)=279.69k^-1.16, R²=0.959	P(s)=5.14E4s^-1.337, R²=0.9366
	Top4	P(k)=410.28k^-1.126, R²=0.967	P(s)=6.44E4s^-1.342, R²=0.9372

平均路径长度	路径数量	占全部路径比(%)	累计百分比(%)
1	16342	15.05	15.05
2	89408	82.35	97.4
3	2820	2.6	100

特征网络指标	实际城市网络	随机网络理论值
节点数	330	-
平均度	5	-
平均路径长度	1.901	1.848
群集系数	0.618	0.151

中国城市网络的空间组织及其复杂性结构特征

The spatial organization and structure complexity of Chinese intercity networks

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