西安市绿地景观吸收雾霾生态系统服务测算及空间格局

doi:10.11821/dlyj201507005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大城市日益严重的雾霾现已成为影响城市生存发展的重要问题。城市绿地是城市社会—经济—自然复合生态系统的重要组成部分,发挥着重要的生态功能。测算城市绿地吸收雾霾的生态功能价值及空间格局,对城市雾霾治理以及生态与经济健康协调发展有重要意义。运用景观生态学和生态系统服务理论,基于西安市的TM遥感影像和ArcGIS 10.1、Fragstats 4.1软件,对西安市绿地吸收雾霾的生态系统服务价值进行了测算和空间分析。结果表明：① 西安市建成区不同景观类型的破碎程度差异较大;② 西安市建成区绿地景观吸收雾霾的生态系统服务总价值为2954.13万元,各类绿地生态景观对吸收雾霾的贡献率有较大差别;③ 西安市建成区绿地景观吸收雾霾的总生态系统服务功能值密度和各单项生态系统服务功能值密度具有明显的城市中心区到边缘区的圈层递变特征;④ 西安市建成区各绿地景观指数与绿地吸收雾霾服务功能密度值之间具有显著的相关关系。绿地斑块与廊道镶嵌存在且斑块分布均匀的绿地景观格局对吸收污染气体、滞尘、净化大气有着重要作用,而且景观斑块平均面积越大、破碎度越低,对大气污染物的净化功能越明显。

关键词: 城市绿地, 雾霾, 生态系统服务, 空间格局, 西安市

Abstract:

The serious air pollution by haze in large cities has become a critical issue of urban living environment. As the crucial component of the urban society-economy-natural complex ecosystem, urban green land plays an important role in providing urban ecosystem services. Estimating the value of haze absorption by urban green land and analyzing its spatial pattern make significant contributions to the improvement of the urban eco-environmental quality. With the help of Fragstats 4.1 and ArcGIS 10.1 software, we estimate and analyze the ecosystem services value of haze absorption by urban green land in Xi'an, based on TM images and the theory of landscape ecology and ecosystem service. The research results show that: (1) There are big differences of landscape fragmentation among different landscape types in Xi'an built-up area. (2) The total value of ecosystem services on haze absorption in Xi'an built-up area is 29.54 million yuan. The contribution to haze absorption by all types of landscapes are quite different. (3) The spatial patterns of total and individual ecosystem services density show an obvious degrading trend from city center to the edge of the area. (4) There are significant correlations between landscape indexes and the ecosystem services density of haze absorption in built-up area of Xi'an city. The value of haze absorption of total and individual ecosystem services are positively related to the number of patches and the total area. The service value of nitrogen oxides absorption are positively related to the largest patch index. There is a significantly negative correlation between the service value of nitrogen oxides absorption and fragmentation index. The value of sulfur dioxide absorption and dust detention are positively related to landscape shape index. Green patches and corridor mosaics of landscape pattern play an important role in pollutant gases absorption, dust removal and atmosphere purification. Furthermore, the bigger the average patch area is, the lower the degree of fragmentation is, and the more obvious the function of atmosphere purification is.

Key words: urban green land, haze, ecosystem services, spatial pattern, Xi'an

韩晔, 周忠学. 西安市绿地景观吸收雾霾生态系统服务测算及空间格局[J]. 地理研究, 2015, 34(7): 1247-1258.

Ye HAN, Zhongxue ZHOU. Evaluation on ecosystem services in haze absorption by urban green land and its spatial pattern analysis in Xi'an[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2015, 34(7): 1247-1258.

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景观类型	生态系统服务
景观类型	吸收二氧化硫	吸收氮氧化物	滞尘
林地	152.13	6.00	21655.00
草地	279.03	6.00	1.20
耕地	45.00	33.50	0.95
园地	152.13	6.00	21655.00

景观类型	生态系统服务
景观类型	吸收二氧化硫	吸收氮氧化物	滞尘
林地	1.20	0.60	0.17
草地	0.60	0.60	0.17
耕地	0.60	0.60	0.17
园地	1.20	0.60	0.17

生态系统服务	景观类型
生态系统服务	林地	草地	园地	耕地
吸收二氧化硫	182.0	167.0	182.0	27.0
吸收氮氧化物	4.0	4.0	4.0	20.0
滞尘	3681.0	0.2	3681.0	0.1

景观类型	面积(hm²)	面积所占比例(%)	最大斑块面积(hm²)	斑块平均面积(hm²)	破碎度	多样性指数
耕地	8024.51	45.76	1.14	0.56	1.78
林地	6568.11	37.46	0.24	0.53	1.89
草地	1806.70	10.30	0.08	0.10	9.96
园地	892.28	5.09	0.04	0.28	3.56
绿地景观（含水域）	17536.00	100.00	1.14	0.35	3.19	0.64

生态系统服务	景观类型
生态系统服务	林地	草地	园地	耕地	合计	百分比(%)
吸收二氧化硫	999.17	504.13	135.74	361.10	1546.42	0.90
吸收氮氧化物	39.41	10.84	5.35	268.82	324.42	0.20
滞尘	142232.42	2.17	19322.38	7.62	161564.59	98.90
合计	143271.00	63.42	19463.47	637.54	163435.43	100
百分比(%)	87.60	0.10	11.90	0.4	100