秦巴特困连片区生态资产与经济贫困耦合关系研究

doi:10.11821/dlyj201507009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以秦巴特困连片区为例,基于遥感定量测量的方法对研究区生态系统功能和效益价值进行了评估,从自然、社会、经济三方面构建适合于特困连片区县域间进行对比的经济贫困评价指标体系,在此基础上,对研究区生态资产与经济贫困的耦合协调度进行了分析。结果表明：秦巴特困连片区大部分县市生态资产与经济贫困存在较高的耦合度,具体表现为生态资产较低的县市,其经济贫困的程度越高,生态资产与经济贫困的综合发展水平及其协调程度越低,生态资产与经济贫困为共生关系。得出应该将生态资产管理纳入地区扶贫大格局中的结论。最后,从退耕还林、生态移民、生态旅游以及生态城镇建设四个方面对特困连片区加强生态资产管理促进经济脱贫展开了讨论。

关键词: 特困连片区, 生态资产, 经济贫困, 耦合协调度

Abstract:

The ecological asset refers to the sum of natural resource value and ecosystem services provided by ecosystem to human beings, which is an important indicator for ecological environment assessment and ecological construction level. Assessment ecological asset for Contiguous Destitute Areas is conducive to the poor areas of ecological environmental protection. Further, study coupling between ecological value of the assets and economic development in poor areas is the basic premise for co-ordinate ecological construction and poverty alleviation. This study took Qinling-Dabashan Region as study areas, and assessed the ecological value of the assets based on quantitative measurement remote sensing method. In addition, this study constructed suitable poor economic evaluation index system from the natural, social and economic development aspects, and evaluated the level of economic poverty of the counties in the study areas. Then, on this basis, this research also built ecological assets-regional economic poverty coordination coupling model, and calculated the coupling coordination degree of ecological assets and regional economic poverty. The results can basically show the actual situation of the extent of ecological assets and economic poverty in the study area. The results showed that the ecological value of the assets in study area was 50.42 billion yuan in 2010 and shrub had the highest ecological value (11.347 billion yuan). For poverty evaluation aspect, the characteristic of natural conditions and other natural factors in the study area are important factors to poverty, and the corresponding social and economic development has brought a significant effect on poverty alleviation. As a whole, the evaluating results of coupling coordination degree indicated that the lower level of ecological assets goes with the lower comprehensive development level of ecological assets and economic poverty as well as the higher level of economic poverty. The ecological assets and economic poverty have symbiotic relationship. This study concluded that improving ecological environment and strengthening management of ecological assets can achieve the goal to reducing poverty in study area and should be added in the policies of poverty reduction. Finally, this research also discussed the interactive mode between ecological protection and poverty reduction in Qinling-Dabashan Region and Support mechanism is put forward from several aspects, which includes Conversion of Cropland to Forest, eco-migration, eco-tourism and ecological construction of cities and towns. This research can provide the reliable guidance for strengthening management of ecological assets and poverty reduction of Contiguous Destitute Areas in Qinling-Dabashan Region.

Key words: Contiguous Destitute Areas, Ecological asset, Economic Poverty, Coupling coordination degree

曹诗颂, 赵文吉, 段福洲. 秦巴特困连片区生态资产与经济贫困耦合关系研究[J]. 地理研究, 2015, 34(7): 1295-1309.

Shisong CAO, Wenji ZHAO, Fuzhou DUAN. Coupling Relation Analysis between ecological value and economic poverty of Contiguous Destitute Areas in Qinling-Dabashan Region[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2015, 34(7): 1295-1309.

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致贫类型	维度	指标
自然	地形条件	平均海拔高度、平均坡度、地形破碎度
社会	人口特征	人口密度、少数民族人口比例
	基础设施	通电行政村比例、安全饮用水行政村比例、通水泥/沥青公路行政村比例、通广播电视行政村比例、通宽带行政村比例
	文化教育	学前三年毛入学率
		高中阶段毛入学率
	卫生医疗	有卫生室的行政村比例、每万人卫生床位数
	社会保障	参加新型农村合作医疗保险比例、参加新型农村社会养老保险比例
经济	经济发展	人均地方财政收入、人均地区生产总值、农民人均纯收入、城镇居民可支配收入

耦合等级	低度耦合	中度耦合	高度耦合	极度耦合
耦合度C	[0,0.3]	[0.3,0.6]	[0.6,0.9]	[0.9,1]
耦合协调度D	[0,0.3]	[0.3,0.6]	[0.6,0.8]	[0.8,1]

影响因子	相关系数	显著性水平	影响因子	相关系数	显著性水平
平均海拔	0.529**	0.000	高中阶段教育毛入学率	-0.373**	0.001
平均坡度	0.338**	0.003	每万人卫生机构床位数	0.228*	0.049
平均破碎度	0.300**	0.009	有卫生室的行政村比例	-0.170	0.146
人口密度	-0.443**	0.000	参加新型农村合作医疗比例	0.12	0.921
少数民族人口比例	0.39	0.737	参加新型农村社会医疗保险人数比例	-0.950	0.417
通电行政村比例	0.39	0.741	人均GDP	-0.165	0.157
安全饮水行政村比例	0.219	0.06	人均地方财政收入	-0.028	0.814
通路行政村比例	-0.77	0.512	城镇居民人均可支配收入	-0.404**	0.000
通广播电视行政村比例	-0.273*	0.018	农民人均纯收入	-0.685**	0.000
通宽带网络行政村比例	-0.220	0.057	学前三年毛入园率	-0.448**	0.000

致贫类型（权重）	维度	维度权重	指标	主观权重（AHP）	客观权重（EVM）	综合权重
自然（0.333）	地形条件	1	平均海拔高度	0.400	0.361	0.414
			平均坡度	0.300	0.303	0.297
			地形破碎度	0.300	0.336	0.284
社会（0.333）	人口特征	0.05	人口密度	1.000	1.000	1.000
	基础设施	0.25	安全饮用水行政村比例	0.250	0.360	0.360
			通广播电视行政村比例	0.250	0.108	0.109
			通宽带行政村比例	0.250	0.300	0.299
			通路行政村比例	0.250	0.231	0.232
	文化教育	0.3	学前三年毛入学率	0.400	0.440	0.358
			高中阶段毛入学率	0.600	0.560	0.642
	卫生医疗	0.3	有卫生室的行政村比例	0.400	0.078	0.162
			每万人卫生床位数	0.600	0.922	0.838
	社会保障	0.1	参加新型农村社会养老保险比例	1.000	1.000	1.000
经济（0.333）	经济发展	1	人均地区生产总值	0.333	0.228	0.226
			农民人均纯收入	0.333	0.407	0.409
			城镇居民可支配收入	0.333	0.365	0.365