南方航空网络空间格局及市场范围

doi:10.11821/dlyj201507011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着航空放松管制的逐步深入,航空企业逐渐成为影响航空网络空间格局的主体。以南方航空为研究对象,基于航班时刻表数据,分析其航空网络的空间格局,并以此来甄别通航城市的等级结构;以全国航空网络为比较对象,从航线、通航城市、航班频率及客流量等视角,分析比较南方航空的六类市场类型及其空间格局。研究发现：南方航空的航线网络和通航城市均存在空间布局不均衡的特点,其运营航班主要集中于南部地区及围绕广州及乌鲁木齐展开的航线,但其垄断性市场主要集中在支线机场及与广州相连的航线;运输需求与运营基地是影响航空企业运力投放的重要影响因素。从企业尺度丰富了对航空网络的研究,可为企业航空网络发展及市场化决策做出指导。

关键词: 南方航空, 空间结构, 网络分析, 市场范围

Abstract:

Air transportation, with its high time efficiency and economic efficiency, has become an important transport organization mode in regional social economic activities and spatial interaction relations, which exerts great influence on regional development. Aviation network is of significance in air transport. With the implementation of deregulation on civil aviation, airlines are becoming the main factors affecting the aviation network. The network spatial pattern analysis and airlines' marketing research are helpful to cognize companies' organizational behavior. Based on flights time lists data and quantitative analysis, this paper compares China Southern Airlines with national aviation network on air routes, aviation cities, flights frequency and passenger flow, divides the market into six hierarchies and analyzes its spatial patterns. The research considers absolute markets (market scale) and relative markets (market competitiveness) of China Southern Airlines. The results are as follows: (1) uneven spatial distribution exists in aviation network of China Southern Airlines. The company's absolute monopoly markets concentrate on feeder airports and routes connected with Guangzhou, while flights focus on hub airports and main routes. (2) The factors that influence the markets are demand for aviation, economic development and the base of China Southern Airlines. The tertiary industry, especially tourism makes contribution to aviation. Meanwhile, the bases offer convenient conditions for the airlines, which promote agglomeration of market commitment. This paper complements aviation network research from perspectives on aviation companies, with guidance to their decisions on aviation market development.

Key words: China Southern Airlines, spatial structure, network analysis, market hinterland

杜超, 王姣娥. 南方航空网络空间格局及市场范围[J]. 地理研究, 2015, 34(7): 1319-1330.

Chao DU, Jiaoe WANG. Spatial pattern of China Southern Airlines' network and its market coverage[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2015, 34(7): 1319-1330.

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航空企业	飞机架数	飞行班次(万次)	飞行小时(万h)	旅客运输量(万人)	货邮运输量(万t)	运输总周转量(亿t/km)
南航集团	582	84.4	187.7	9718.8	137.8	180.8
中航集团	512	66.3	160.6	8261.9	119.6	143.8
东航集团	439	53.5	117.4	6350.7	65.4	99.2
海航集团	248	37.1	74.6	3914.6	55.4	66.8
全国	2029	278.5	618.9	31936	545.0	601.3
南方航空占全国比重(%)	28.7	30.3	30.3	30.4	25.3	30.1

通航级别	通航率(%)	数量(个)	通航省份
一级	100	7	北京、上海、天津、海南、安徽、吉林、河南
二级	75~99	11	黑龙江、江苏、广东、浙江、湖南、江西、湖北、广西、新疆、山西、山东
三级	50~74	5	辽宁、福建、云南、河北、重庆
四级	25~49	8	四川、贵州、内蒙古、西藏、陕西、青海、宁夏、甘肃

排序	城市	航线(条)	占全国通航城市的比重(%)	占南方航空通航城市的比重(%)
1	广州	68	40.0	60.7
2	深圳	41	24.1	36.6
3	长沙	33	19.4	29.5
4	北京	33	19.4	29.5
5	乌鲁木齐	32	18.8	28.6
6	郑州	30	17.6	26.8
7	武汉	28	16.5	25.0
8	上海	28	16.5	25.0
9	重庆	21	12.4	18.8
10	大连	21	12.4	18.8

排序	城市	往返航班数量(次/周)	占南方航空总航班的比重(%)
1	广州	2815	13.89
2	乌鲁木齐	1191	5.88
3	郑州	973	4.80
4	深圳	897	4.43
5	北京	881	4.35
6	上海	829	4.09
7	长沙	658	3.25
8	武汉	637	3.14
9	大连	539	2.66
10	重庆	526	2.60
	合计	9946	49.09

位序	航段	南方航空客流量（人/周）	占全国客流量市场份额（%）
1	海口—广州	16526	52.0
2	三亚—广州	15737	67.0
3	杭州—广州	13957	36.5
4	郑州—广州	12575	67.1
5	广州—北京	12059	17.9
6	北京—郑州	11961	70.4
7	广州—成都	11795	27.4
8	揭阳—广州	11448	100
9	深圳—上海	10590	14.5
10	南京—广州	10354	40.6