上海市近郊大型社区居民的通勤特征——以宝山区顾村为例

doi:10.11821/dlyj201508007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选取位于上海市近郊的宝山区顾村大型社区作为研究对象,采用问卷调查、对比分析、回归分析等方法,分析居民就业以及通勤意愿。在揭示居民总体通勤特征的基础上,比较了购房户、市区拆迁户、农村拆迁户、租房户四类居民群体不同的通勤特征。研究表明：近郊大型社区居民总体上倾向于就近就业,大部分居民实际的通勤时间短于意愿通勤时间中的“可容忍通勤时间”,总体上通勤满意度较高。但不同居民群体的通勤特征存在较大差异。利用通勤距离回归模型及通勤满意度逻辑斯谛回归模型的计算表明：居民通勤距离跟收入、受教育程度、户口类型、家庭规模等因素有一定的关联性,而居民对通勤的满意度除了跟收入相关以外,还受通勤距离及通勤意愿的影响。

关键词: 近郊大型社区, 通勤, 就业地点, 上海

Abstract:

For a long time, emphasis on the relationship between job and residence and its impact on commuting have been placed by the academia at home and abroad. In China, because of the excessive population concentration, the construction of large-scale residential districts in suburban areas has become the significant method for the metropolis and megalopolis to relieve the population stress of their central city. Hence, the parties related, including city government, academia and residents themselves, focus on the commuting feature of large-scale residential districts. Taking a case study of the Gucun community, Baoshan District, Shanghai, this paper analyzes the residents' worksite and commuting willingness, using methods of questionnaire, comparative analysis and regression model, etc. Based on the residents' general commuting feature, this paper compares 4 classes of population groups at Gucun, including residents in commercial housing, transferred residents from downtown, transferred residents from local village and residents in rental housing. The results show that: from the job-housing relationship, the majority of residents are apt to work nearby, and most of them have relatively high level of commuting satisfaction in general. However, huge differences in the commuting exist between different population groups. The results of regression model of commuting distance and logistic regression model of commuting satisfaction show that the residents' commuting distances are relative to their personal factors, such as income, education, Hukou, family scale, and their commuting satisfaction degrees are mainly affected by commuting distance and commuting willingness, except for the income.

Key words: large suburban community, commuting, worksite, Shanghai

干迪, 王德, 朱玮. 上海市近郊大型社区居民的通勤特征——以宝山区顾村为例[J]. 地理研究, 2015, 34(8): 1481-1491.

Di GAN, De WANG, Wei ZHU. Research on the residents' commuting feature of large-scale residential district in suburban Shanghai:A case study of Gucun, Baoshan District[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2015, 34(8): 1481-1491.

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住户类型	购房户	市区拆迁户	农村拆迁户	租房户
平均通勤距离(km)	13.8	14.6	5.3	2.6
平均实际通勤时间(min)	48.0	53.0	25.0	22.0

变量	B	t
常数项	23.756	9.002
月收入	0.769^**	2.212
职业（家庭主妇）(0,1)	-6.83^**	-2.15
职业（技术工人）(0,1)	4.44^***	2.492
初中文化程度(0,1)	-9.429^***	-4.352
高中（中专）文化程度(0,1)	-10.704^***	-6.232
专科(0,1)	-6.835^***	-3.83
家庭规模	-2.384^***	-3.561
非上海市户口(0,1)	3.533^*	1.899
市区拆迁户(0,1)	4.788^**	3.342
农村拆迁户(0,1)	-5.298^**	-3.042
租房户(0,1)	-9.9^***	-4.185

变量	B
月收入(千元)	-0.279^*
实际通勤时间是否在可容忍通勤时间之内(0,1)	1.972^**
通勤距离	0.118^***
常数项	-1.95