北京市绿带游憩空间分布特征及其成因

doi:10.11821/dlyj201508009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

绿带是阻止城市蔓延、提高城市生态安全格局的重要手段,其游憩开发能够为大都市游憩空间紧缺提供有效的解决途径。以北京市第二道绿带为研究区,以2013年绿带内6种类型游憩空间（共448处）为研究对象,运用Kernel核密度算法等空间分析方法,从北京市绿带游憩空间的整体分布格局、规模容量特征和各类型游憩空间分布特征及成因三个层面进行分析。主要结论：① 从整体分布格局来看,北京市绿带内形成了若干游憩空间集聚区域,游憩空间结构出现“北密南疏”的整体特征;北部游憩空间集聚程度高且分布连续成带,南部游憩空间集聚程度较低且分布离散成团;北部温榆河沿岸地区游憩空间大量集聚,成为绿带游憩空间结构的主要骨架。② 从规模容量特征来看,占地规模较大的游憩空间呈集聚分布,规模较小的游憩空间呈分散分布,绿带内已形成了6个由面积规模较大的游憩空间密集分布构成的热点区。③ 绿带内6种类型游憩空间分布特征及成因表现为：绿带内的资源环境本底决定了既有吸引物游憩空间的空间特征;政策性规划引导郊野休闲公园空间分布相对均匀;重要水系与运动健身游憩空间的空间分布高度关联;主题活动游憩空间更倾向于靠近主要交通干道;会议度假游憩空间与北京市地热资源分布契合度高;民俗体验游憩空间大量分布在海淀区上庄水库周边。揭示了北京市绿带游憩空间布局情况,为中国绿带游憩体系的统筹建设、空间结构调整和布局优化提供了参考。

关键词: 游憩空间, 绿带, 空间分布特征, 北京市

Abstract:

The urban green belt is critical to combat the urban sprawl and improve the ecological security pattern. The recreation development of the green belt can not only increase recreational space of a metropolis, but also enrich the utilities of greening. In this paper, we take 6 types of recreational spaces in the second greenbelt, Beijing, China as a case study. Based on the spatial analysis, such as kernel density estimation, we examine the overall spatial pattern, scale, capacity features of the greenbelt's recreational spaces in Beijing, as well as the spatial features and causes of various types of recreational spaces in the greenbelt. Several main conclusions can be drawn as follows: ① In respect of the overall spatial pattern, the greenbelt has presented a number of recreational assembling zones. The green belt's recreational space is characterized by "dense north, sparse south". There are a great number of recreational agglomerations in the north. On the contrary, the recreational space is sparse in the south. ② As far as the scale and capacity are concerned, the structure feature of the recreational space in the greenbelt is characterized by "large agglomeration, small scatter". There are 6 large scale recreational agglomerations with high density. ③ The causes for spatial characteristics of 6 types of recreational spaces have been identified: The cluster of resources and environment is the main reason for the attractions in the recreational spaces of greenbelts. Comparatively, suburban leisure parks are evenly distributed due to the related urban plans. The important river systems have formed an excellent landscape and an ecological buffer barrier for the sport recreational space, which shows a highly spatial correlation with the important river systems. The theme-park recreational spaces place emphasis on the visiting groups' cultivation, thus they are close to the trunk roads. The conference and resort spaces are highly connected to the distribution of the geothermal resources in Beijing. The folk-custom-experience recreational spaces are mostly distributed around the Shangzhuang Reservoir in Shangzhuang Town, Haidian District. On the one hand, the local governments encourage the recreational development; On the other hand, the good natural reservoir environment attracts a large number of local visitors, and has a high revisit ratio due to the public praise. Finally, in terms of the features and causes of the greenbelt recreational space in Beijing, we can see that there are rules to follow as to the suburban greenbelt recreational space of a metropolis. To provide a reference for the development and management of greenbelt recreation of China, the governments at all levels should pay close attention to the construction of greenbelt recreation system, the adjustment of the existing layout structure of greenbelt recreational spaces, as well as the further development of various recreational spaces.

Key words: recreational space, greenbelt, the spatial distribution, Beijing

李玏, 刘家明, 宋涛, 陶慧, 张新. 北京市绿带游憩空间分布特征及其成因[J]. 地理研究, 2015, 34(8): 1507-1521.

Le LI, Jiaming LIU, Tao SONG, Hui TAO, Xin ZHANG. Spatial characteristics and causes of recreational space in the urban green belt of Beijing, China[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2015, 34(8): 1507-1521.

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游憩空间类型	子类型（采样点个数）	总计
既有吸引物	自然风景区(6)、历史文化遗迹(5)	11
郊野休闲公园	森林公园(8)、郊野公园(47)、城市公园(39)、休闲广场(11)	105
运动健身	高尔夫球场(47)、滑雪场(3)、跑马场(15)、赛车场(2)、垂钓园(37)、素质拓展训练(7)、其他运动健身类型(11)	122
主题活动	博物馆(14)、主题公园(8)、游乐场(13)、商业综合体(3)、影视基地(2)、艺术街区(4)	44
会议度假	度假村(76)、会议中心(11)、会展中心(2)	89
民俗体验	农家乐(40)、采摘园(15)、民俗村(1)、观光农业(21)	77

类型	既有吸引物	郊野休闲公园	运动健身	主题活动	会议度假	民俗体验
样本数(个)	11	105	122	46	78	89
平均面积(hm²)	643.47	38.31	17.63	15.42	14.99	5.27
标准差	1772.25	84.40	36.51	39.73	33.34	10.32
Z_min	-0.36	-0.45	-0.48	-0.38	-0.44	-0.49
Z_max	3.01	8.31	5.73	6.33	5.60	7.16

子类型（个数）	缓冲区内采样点个数	百分比（%）
高尔夫球场（47）	27	57.44
滑雪场（3）	0	0
跑马场（15）	8	53.33
赛车场（2）	2	100
垂钓园（37）	22	59.46
素质拓展训练（7）	3	42.86
其他运动健身（11）	4	36.37